国际经济学，选择题集（含答案）

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The marginal product of labor in manufacturing slopes downward because of A. diseconomies to scale. B. discontinuities in the production function. C. diminishing returns. D. gross substitution with the food sector. E. None of the above. In the Specific Factors model, each of the two sectors A. employs the same factors used by the other. B. employs different factors than those employed in the other. C. employs a fixed coefficient production function. D. shares one factor of production with the other sector. E. None of the above. The Specific Factors model assumes A. imperfections in the labor market. B. imperfections in the land market. C. imperfections in the capital market. D. imperfections in the entrepreneurship market. E. None of the above.

At the production point the production possibility frontier is tangent to a line whose slope is A. the price of manufactures. B. the relative wage. C. he real wage. D. the relative price of manufactures. E. None of the above. If the price of manufactures and the price of food increase by 25%, then A. the economy moves down its aggregate supply curve. B. the economy moves back along its aggregate demand curve. C. the relative quantities of manufactures and food remain unchanged. D. the relative quantities of products change by 25%. E. None of the above. If the price of manufactures rises, then A. the price of food also rises. B. the quantity of food produced falls. C. the quantity of both manufactures and food falls. D. the purchasing power of labor in terms of food falls. E. None of the above.

In the model described in this chapter, if the price of manufactures rises, then

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A. B. C. D. E.

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the real income of capital rises. the real income of land rises.

the purchasing power of landowners rises. the production of both products falls. None of the above.

If the price of food rises , then the income of capital owners will fall because A. capital owners consume only food. B. the real wage in terms of manufactures rises. C. they must pay higher wages to maintain subsistence levels. D. food is an element of organic capital for capitalists. E. None of the above. If additional land were to be brought into cultivation in the Specific Factor model, the output of manufactures would fall because of A. lower marginal productivity of labor in this sector. B. lower marginal productivity of labor in food production. C. higher marginal productivity of labor in manufacture sector. D. lower labor input in manufacture sector. E. None of the above. If Japan is relatively capital rich and the United States is relatively land rich, then trade between these two, formerly autarkic countries will A. lead to perfect specialization with Japan alone producing manufactures. B. create a world relative price of food that is lower than that of the U.S. C. lower the price of food in both countries. D. raise the price of food in both countries. E. None of the above. If Japan is the land-rich country, then international trade will clearly A. raise the real income of all factor owners in that country. B. lower the real income of workers. C. lower the real income of capital owners. D. lower the real income of landowners. E. None of the above. The reason trade clearly benefits a country is that A. it raises the real income of the more productive elements in society. B. it lowers the real income of the less productive elements in society. C. it increases the levels of consumption of everyone. D. it increases society's consumption choices. E. None of the above. Those who stand to lose from trade

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A. B. C. D. E.

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are likely to migrate to another country.

tend to be more effectively organized politically. tend to reject compensation as smacking of socialism.

are universally opposed by economists who consider them parasites. None of the above.

Those who stand to gain from trade A. do not really care about the issue of income redistribution. B. could not compensate losers since there are so many poor people. C. could compensate losers but would rather not in modern industrial

economies.

D. compensate losers at least partially through such legislation as

unemployment compensation.

E. None of the above. Groups that lose from trade tend to lobby the government to A. shift the direction of comparative advantage. B. abolish the Specific Factor model from practical application. C. provide public support for the relatively efficient sectors. D. provide protection for the relatively inefficient sectors. E. None of the above.

It is known that the existence of the sugar quota causes several billion dollars of added expenses to U.S. consumers, while paying much less in benefits to U.S. sugar producers. The continued existence of this quota for many years to the present is attributable to the fact that A. as a growing proportion of the U.S. population develops Type II

Diabetes, no one is really interested in making sugar even cheaper than it is.

B. obviously the quota will be removed now that it has been calculated that

the costs exceed the benefits.

C. the per-capita harm to the public is so small that it is not worth the time

for anyone to fight this quota.

D. it is understood that the sugar quota is an important weapon in keeping

Communism from sweeping the Caribbean.

E. None of the above. It was found that when the United States imposed steel quotas, this caused harm not only to steel consumers, but also to many producers for whom steel is an important input. This insight A. suggests that general equilibrium models of tariffs will demonstrate that

the partial equilibrium deadweight loss triangles tend to overstate the tariff harm.

B. suggests that the deadweight loss triangles from partial equilibrium

models tend to understate the harm to society of protectionism.

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C. D. E.

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suggests that it is quite sensible that producers tend to support quotas. suggests that steel production is an infant industry in the U.S. None of the above.

It was found that when the United States placed quotas on imported Japanese semiconductors, this harmed the international competitiveness of U.S. computer manufacturers. This is a good illustration of the principle that A. trade benefits the factor that is specific to the export sector. B. protectionism helps manufacturers but harms consumers. C. protectionism harms the factor that is specific to the export sector. D. effective protection is not the same as a nominal tariff or tariff equivalent.

E. None of the above. The specific factor model argues that if land can be used both for food

production and for manufacturing, then a quota that protects food production will A. clearly help landowners. B. clearly hurt landowners. C. clearly help manufacture but hurt food production. D. have an ambiguous effect on the welfare of landowners. E. None of the above. Ricardo's model of comparative advantage demonstrated no harm to any group in the economy as a result of free trade. This was probably because A. Ricardo did not understand the concept of diminishing returns. B. the specific factor model had not yet been invented. C. Heckscher and Ohlin had not yet been born. D. a model, which demonstrated such harm, was counter-productive to

Ricardo's political or polemical aims.

E. None of the above. When the Napoleonic Wars were over, the Corn Laws were enacted in England. This may be understood in terms of the following: A. The Specific Factors model. B. The intra-trade model. C. The monopolistic competition model D. The scale economies model E. None of the above. The production function may be analyzed using calculus. For example, the total product may be calculated as being equal to A. the first derivative of the total product curve. B. the second derivative of the marginal product curve. C. the integral summed up under the total product curve.

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