四级英语作文经典辅导材料(1)

Another reason not to send a child to school too early is that he may not be ready. If he is not prepared to deal with the rules and the pressure of schoolwork, he may become discouraged and develop a negative attitude toward school. Last but not the least, children can learn many beneficial things through play. By having fun while learning, they not only gain knowledge, but develop curiosity and a desire to learn. 2. 列举法常用词语

as follows, in the following way, first/to begin with/for one thing, second, third, next, then, finally…

III. Comparison and Contrast (比较对照法)

1. 比较对照法的含义

比较对照法由比较和对照两部分组成，分别用来阐述两种或更多事物之间的相同或不同之处，从而使各个事物的特点更为突出。比较侧重相同点，对照着重不同点。在说明文、议论文写作中，比较和对照可以分开使用，也可以结合在一起使用。运用比较对照法时，可以先说一方再说另一方，即AABB的模式；也可以是双方同时展开，相互交替，即ABAB模式。例如：

There are both similarities and differences between movies and TV. For one thing, the first form of movies and TV were both in black and white. Besides, they both carry information. Furthermore, they both bring entertainment to people. And they both educate people and enrich people’s life. However, there also exist some differences between movies and TV. In the first place, they are different in their history. Movies have been with us for a longer time than TV. In the second place, movies have mainly low forms from the perspective of content, feature films and documentary films, whereas TV covers a wide range of subjects, from news report, educational programs, recreation, sports, music to TV series and even films. And finally, movies usually have to be seen in a cinema, while TV can be enjoyed at home. 本段结合比较法和对照法，论述了movies和TV两个事物的异同，采用先说相同点，后说不同点，将两事物同时逐点比较对照的方法。 2. 比较对照法常用过渡词语 ⑴比较常用过渡词语

resemble, be the same as, be like, be equal to, be comparable to, be as … as, both … and, neither … nor, not only … but also…, similarly, in the same way, likewise, correspondingly, like ⑵对照法常用过渡词语

not as…as, contrast with, differ from, be different from, although, whereas, while, however, nonetheless, nevertheless, yet, still, but, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, unlike, contrary to, in contrast to, in opposition to

IV. Cause and Effect (因果法)

1. 因果法的含义

因果法是指通过对事物或现象的原因分析，找出事物发展的因果联系的扩展方法。

运用因果法时，可采用先因后果或先果后因两种模式；若有多个原因且有主次之分时，可考虑按照从主到次或从次到主的顺序来阐述各项内容。例如：

Some countries have banned smoking in many public places and office buildings, and they see strong reasons for this. The first and most important reason is that while limits on smoking restrict the rights of smokers, smoking itself affects the rights of non-smokers. Studies have shown that second-hand smoke can have a harmful effect on the health of non-smokers. Second, aside from the long-term health effects of second-hand smoke, it can have very serious immediate consequences for those who are allergic to it. Third, the ashes and cigarette butts left behind by smokers are another form of pollution. They dirty our environment and, as taxpayers, we must all pay for the cleanup of our public places. 本段以先果后因的形式展开。主题句（第一句）先提出事实，即有些国家已经禁止在许多公共场所吸烟，并用关键词reason引导出造成这一事实的三个理由，并根据其重要性上按照从主到次的顺序依次表达。 2. 因果法常用词语

because, because of, since, for, owing to, thanks to, on account of, due to, be due to, be a consequence of, result from, be the result of; as a result, consequently, in consequence, therefore, accordingly, for this reason, so, thus, lead to, contribute to, result in, cause, be the reason for

V. Classification (分类法)

分类法多见于说明文或议论文的说明部分，它是指先把同一事物按一定标准分类，再分别进行详细说明的扩展方法。运用分类法时，应注意保持分类标准的统一性，不能在段落中间随意改动。例如：

There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standards of sets and best-sellers—unread, untouched. The second has a great many books—a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. 本段采用分类法，按照藏书人所读书籍多寡的标准，把藏书人分为三大类进行具体说明。

Part Three Various Forms of Writing (from appreciation to production) I. Wring based on topic sentences（段首句作文）

1. 写作技巧 1. 1 认真审清标题和主题句，仔细分析研究标题与各主题句之间的关系，把握全文的主题。 1.2 充分理解主题句，以明确每段的写作重点并弄清各段之间的逻辑关系，使主题表述清晰

流畅。

1.3 根据标题和主题句选择与其关系最密切、最具说服力、最容易表达的细节、例子等围绕

主题句进行扩展。 2. Sample

Directions: Write a composition entitled “My Idea of Internet” in three paragraphs. You

are given the first sentence of each paragraph and are required to develop its idea in completing the paragraph. Write no less than 120 words.

My Idea of Internet

Internet plays an important role in our life. Yet, Internet is not flawless. There is no doubt that Internet has contributed and will contribute greatly to our life.

2. 1 Appreciation

My Idea of Internet

Internet plays an important role in our life. When you surf the net, the world seems smaller than ever, and countries far away seem no farther than your hometown. Every hour, thousands of people, including young children, university students, scientists, businessmen, see various information through Internet. You can discuss international affairs, football games, or your viewpoint on love and marriage with known or unknown people. In this way, you may make some friends, who share common views with you. And what’s more, various meetings can also be held on the net. “What a wonder!” many people do exclaim. Indeed, Internet is one of the most wonderful human inventions. Yet, Internet is not flawless. First, there are too much rubbish on the net. Some people are just over-enthusiastic to offer worthless information. This, in turn, has made it more and difficult to find what you want. Secondly, officials also find it hard to prevent Internet form the invasion of criminals. To some extent, it actually makes it more convenient to commit certain crimes. And sometimes the cost is so prohibiting to many Chinese people. So we can see, just like most other inventions, Internet has its own problems. There is no doubt that Internet has contributed and will contribute greatly to our life. We should make full use of it while minimizing its negative effects. I think a stricter administration will be of considerable help in making better use of Internet.

2.2 Analysis

⑴ Framework of the essay (文章框架结构) Para. 1 因特网的作用

TS (topic sentence) Internet plays … in our life. DS (developing sentences)

1. When we surf … hometown.(作用一：世界变小)

2. Every hour … through Internet. （作用二：获取信息）

3. You can … with you. (作用三：交友)

4. And what’s more,… the net. (作用四：网上会议) TrS (transitional sentence)“What a …” do exclaim.

CS (concluding sentence) Indeed, Internet … inventions. Para. 2 因特网的局限/问题

TS: Yet, Internet is not flawless. DS: 1. First… you want. (问题一) 2. Second, … crimes. (问题二)

3. And sometimes… Chinese. (问题三) Para. 3 因特网之我见

TS: There is no doubt… in our life.

DS: 1.We should make … in our life. (建议一) 2.I think … effects. (建议二) ⑵ Useful Pattern Drills

1. When you surf the net, the world seems smaller than ever, and countries far away seem n

farther than your hometown.

2. Second, officials also find it hard to prevent Internet from the invasion of criminals. 3. I think a stricter administration will be of great help in making better use of Internet. ⑶ Choice of Words

1.And what’s more 2.in turn 3. negative 4.be of help(c.f. be helpful) 5.exclaim(c.f.. cry) 6.convenient(c.f. easy) 7.minimize(c.f. reduce)

3. Production

Practice One

The Importance of Education

The prosperity of a nation depends on the development of education.

Education is also vital to the development of an individual.

Some people, however, are still ignorant of the importance of education. Practice Two

Why Do People Like to Buy Lottery

Nowadays some people tend to try their luck on lottery tickets and dream to win the big prize.

There are many purposes for these crazy lottery-goers who can’t resist buying some lottery tickets whenever they see them.