美国文学整理 - 图文

按老师课堂授课顺序整理

1. Modernism

● a cultural movement emerged in the beginning of the 20th century, particularly in the years following world war Ⅱ.

● a movement of artists and designers who rebelled against the late 19th century academic and historical tradition and embraced the new economic, social and political aspects of the emerging modern world. (说了等于没说，中心思想rebellion)

Background:

1. Economic: booming economy; development of the new technology; new inventions 2. Social:

●world war;

●urbanization (due to the development of economy and new inventions, people moved from country to cities);

●influence of many scientific and social theories (Darwinism, Nietzche [God is dead, sending readers into despair, belief crisis], Freud [subconscious urges, desires and inhibitions dominate human behavior]);

●intolerance of the social atmosphere (no tolerance towards the minor races; the South was trying to regain the Southern lifestyle and against the North )

（总结一下就是，经济发展了，城市化了，但是打仗了，社会上各种种族歧视和性别歧视，没落的南方蠢蠢欲动，人们觉得这个社会无序又碎成了渣渣，很失望）

Modernism is the \of art\the modernist writers are mainly concerned with the inner being of an individual. Modernism is anti-novel, anti-poetry and anti-drama.

2. Imagism

Clarity, precision, economy of language

3 principles和significance详见大纲，Pound和Eliot的写作风格详见大纲

诗人：(1) Ezra Pound

Cathay 华夏（庞德所译中国古诗集） Cantos 诗章

Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 休·赛尔温·毛伯利 In a Station of the Metro 在巴黎地铁站 (2) T. S. Eliot

The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 普鲁弗洛克的情歌 The Waste Land (epic) 荒原（暗指伦敦） the burial of the dead 死者葬仪 a game of chess 对弈 the fire sermon 火诫

death by water 水里的死亡 what the thunder said 雷霆的话 Hollow man 空心人

Four Quarters 四个四重奏 Murder in the Cathedral 大教堂凶杀案 The Cocktail Party 鸡尾酒会

(3) E. E. Cummings, Longfellow and Williams Carlos Williams

这一部分有点费解哈，Longfellow上学期没讲过但是在考试范围，这学期讲了，还分析了人生礼赞的一部分。Cummings上课讲了，老师即兴分析意象诗(a leave falls, loneliness)一首Williams从大纲上看不是重点，是有人做了ppt《红色手推车》，于是老师一时兴起让我们分析williams的诗歌特点作为小作业。

Longfellow

Voice of the Night 夜籁集 Ballads and Other Poems 歌谣及其他

Hiawatha 海华沙 A Psalm of Life 生命礼赞 Williams Carlos Williams

Imagist movement. Common language for common men (grass root) The Red Wheelbarrow 红色手推车（后边有分析） E. E. Cummings

Tulips and Chimneys 郁金香和烟囱

3. Radical 1930s 激进的三十年代

老师讲课的顺序真混乱，这部分应该在1920s小说后边的，但是先讲了。只分析了John Steinbeck的The Grapes of Wrath。看过电影，所以是分析题重点。

Background: great depression (P.254) 1. Absolute poverty

2. Nightmarish experience of a struggle for survival 3. Overall chaos with little or no cheer 4. Economic disaster John Steinbeck

The Grapes of Wrath 愤怒的葡萄 ● Crisis novel

● Steinbeck's expression of sympathy with the dispossessed and the wretched

● two blocks: the westward trek of the Joads and the dispossessed Oklahomans; the general picture of the Great Depression

● correspond to The Exodus in the Old Testament P.267 ● symbols

California: the promised land Canaan Tom Joad: Moses

Grapes: Abundance and promise

Jim Cathy: JC, Jesus Christ, the lantern

以下是某位壮士的总结，我觉得挺好记的：

约德tom joad刑满被释回家，携家乘坐一辆破旧的汽车到西部谋生，在那里的一个农场做工。一家人拼命干活，只能勉强糊口，农场主还不断地压低工资。农工们奋起反抗，举行罢工，警察前来镇压，牧师cathy同情农工，被武装流氓打死。约德将凶手击毙，只得再次背井离乡。这部作品，反映了广大人民群众对现存社会的日益不满和叛逆精神，具有鲜明的时代特征。他妈叫MA Joad, 坚韧善良，他爸Pa Joad 勤劳带领全家，牧师JIM CASY 信仰迷失，乐于助人，他姐rose of sharon 天真善良，生的小孩死了，从此坚强）

4. Novels in the 1920s

F. Scott Fitzgerald上学期讲过了，所以这部分重点只有海明威。永别了武器和老人与海，都去看看书，可能考分析。

Ernest Hemingway

(1) The Sun Also Rises 太阳照常升起