句子成分与五大基本句型

? 2) I won’t come unless I am invited. ? = I won’t come if not invited.

? 3) You will go out so long as you promise to come back before 10 o’clock tonight. ? (注意) I don’t know if he is in the lab now.

虚拟条件

? 1) If I were you, I wouldn’t say that.

? 2) He would see my uncle if he stayed here now.

? 3) You would have met the famous professor if you had attended the meeting ? = Had you attended the meeting, you would have met the famous professor.

? 4) If I were here tomorrow, I would join you in the camp. ? 5) If you were to see it, you would always remember it forever. ? = Were you to see it, you would always remember it forever.

? 6) I would telephone her as soon as possible if she should be interested in it. ? = Should she be interested in it, I would telephone her as soon as possible.

6. 结果状语

? 1) He is so kind that all the children here like him very much. ? 2) John got up so early that he caught the first bus this morning. ? 3) We sat at the back of the meeting-room so that nobody saw us. ? 4) He is so young to go to school.

? 5) He isn’t tall enough to reach the book on the top of the shelf.

6）We hurried to the train station only to find the train had left.

7. 目的状语

? 1) He started at 6:00 a.m. in order that he could arrive there in time.

= He started at 6:00 a.m. in order to arrive there in time.

= He started at 6:00 a.m. so that he could arrive there in time. = He started at 6:00 a.m. so as to arrive there in time. = In order to arrive there in time, he started at 6:00 a.m.

? 2) He went there for some assistance.

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? 3) She came here to borrow some books.

? 4) A: What did he come here for? ? 5) A: What did he come here for?

8. 让步状语

B: For some food. B: To buy some food.

? 1) Although he is young, he knows a lot.

= Young as he is, he knows a lot.

? 2) Though she is a girl, she can lift the big stone.

= Girl as she is, she can lift the big stone.

3) You must continue your work even though/if you are very tired.

9. 比较状语 I. 同级比较

? 1) He is as tall as I.

? 2) This river is twice as long as that one. ? 3) He doesn’t work so hard as his brother. ? 4) This rope is the same length as that one.

II. 比较级

? 1) Bob is taller than Tom.

? 2) He ran much faster than his classmate, Jack.

? 3) This watch is three times more expensive than that one. ? 4) Which is better, A or B? ? 5) It is getting warmer and warmer. ? 6) The more you learn, the more you get.

? 7) He is taller than any other classmate in my class.

= He is taller than anyone else in my class. = He is the tallest student in my class.

? 比较：He gave more food to me than to Joan. 他给我的食物比给琼的多。

He gave more food to me than Joan. 他比琼给我的食物多。

10. 程度状语

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? 1) He works very hard. ? 2) It is quite hot today.

? 3) This dictionary is very helpful.

? (注意) This dictionary is of great help. ? 4) He has greatly improved his English. ? 5) He studies much harder than his brother. ? (注意) He knows much about Chinese History.

六．补足语

? 补足语可分为主语补足语和宾语补足语

? 名词、形容词、表示方向地点的副词、动词的现在分词、动词的过去分词、动词不定式、介

词短语等都可以作补足语

? 1) We all made Jack monitor at the last class meeting. ? Jack was made monitor at the last class meeting.

? 2) Did you find our room very dirty? ? Was our room found very dirty?

? 3) Let him in, please.

? 4) Someone found him swimming in the river when it was getting dark. ? He was found swimming in the river when it was getting dark.

? 5) I heard him sing three pop songs in the next room last night. ? He was heard to sing three pop songs in the next room last night.

? 6) I asked Jack to give Lucy his uncle’s phone number. ? Jack was asked to give Lucy his uncle’s phone number.

? 7) He found his house broken into when he got home. ? His house was found broken into when he got home.

? 8) Did you see him under the tree alone?

Was he seen under the tree alone?

七．同位语和插入语：

Our English teacher, Mr. Wang, is very strict with us.

What do you think cause the global warming?

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五 大 基 本 句 型

1.主语 ＋谓语(这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词)这些动词常见的有：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如： ①The students work very hard. ②The accident happened yesterday evening.

2. 主语 ＋系动词 ＋ 表语

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类：

(1)表示状态的连系动词：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等。 ①Several players lay flat on the playground. ②This kind of food tastes terrible.

(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如： ①Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. ②Don't have the food. It has gone bad. ③The facts prove true.

3. 主语 ＋ 谓语 ＋ 宾语

这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。如： ①You can put the books in your bag. ②Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables. ③She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.

4.主语＋谓语＋ 间接宾语＋直接宾语

这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”，直接宾语常常指“物”。如： ① Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present. ② The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型：1) 动词 ＋ 宾语＋to sb..； 2) 动词 ＋ 宾语 ＋ for sb如： ①Please show me your picture. ②Please show your picture to me.

I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don’t lose heart.

—I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart.

5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋补语

这种句型中的宾语＋ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如： ① He painted the wall white. ② His mother told him not to play on the street.

注意：动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带to。如：

The boss made him do the work all day. He was made to work all day by the boss.

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