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请在百度文库下载 仅限个人使用 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试统一命题考试 英语阅读（二）试题和答案评分 课程代码：00596 第一部分选择题 I. Reading Comprehension (50 points,2 points for each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are five passages. Following each passage, there are five questions with four choices marked A, B,C and D． Choose the best answer and then blacken the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage One Social anxiety is the single most common psychological problem, according to the 1986 results of the Stanford shyness inventory, a survey conducted by Philip G.Zimbardo, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University in California. At a party with strangers, for instance, three-quarters of adults feel anxious. “The best estimate is that 40 percent of all Americans suffer from shyness,” says Zimbardo. How can you avoid being nervous when you meet people? Prepare. Preparation for any communication situation is a must. You’ve been invited to a big dinner party in two weeks. You know that one of the other guests is a politician. Scan the newspapers and magazines; listen to newscasts for topics of conversation in political areas. Then at the party, pretend you’re an interviewer on talk show. Think of questions to ask what can’t be answered yes or no. “In your opinion, who...”“What do you think of...” Keep the momentum going. Whether you’re delivering a speech, approaching your boss for a raise or an important social occasion, do your homework. The most polished, smoothly delivered, spontaneous-sounding talks are the result of many hours of work. The memorable one-liners and moving phrases that go down in history don’t come from last-minute bursts of inspiration. If you’re making a presentation of any sort, begin preparing as far ahead of time as possible. “Good writing,” says Harvard University historian Richard Marius, “is a kind of wrestling with thought.” Begin the wrestling match early. Two days before your presentation is usually too late to go into the ring and come up with a winning idea. “To communicate,” says New York Times columnist William Safire, “put your thoughts in order, give them a purpose; use them to persuade, to instruct, to discover, to seduce.” Prepare yourself as well as your material, giving special attention to your voice. A shrill, nasal tone strikes your listeners like chalk screeching on a blackboard. By putting energy and resonance into your voice, you will have a positive effect. If your voice is timid or quivers with nervousness, you sense it, the audience hears it, and you see discomfort in their eyes. With energy and enthusiasm in your voice - 1 - 请在百度文库下载 仅限个人使用 the listeners say ahhh, tell me more. You read approval. Like your voice, your appearance is a communication tool. For example, if you are animated, you are most likely to see animated listeners. You give the audience the message: I’m glad I’m here; I’m glad you’re here. Your approach can, in fact, be a powerful weapon for deflecting hostility-from an audience, an interviewer, an employer. A benevolent aspect says I understand and conveys good will and positive expectations. It works. Questions l-5 are based on Passage One. 1. According to paragraph 2, one can avoid shyness while talking to a politician at a party by ______. A. listening to his talk B． reading newspapers to him C. preparing in a advance D． asking him hard questions 正确答案：C（2分） 2. In paragraph 3 the author suggests that we do our homework for an important social occasion because ______. A. only careful preparation can make our talks polished B．homework can help us learn from our own mistakes C. we need inspiration for memorable and moving talks D． it is necessary to avoid harsh criticism from the supervisors 正确答案：A（2分） 3. Based on paragraph 4, when should you begin the preparation for a presentation? A. Two days ahead of time. B． As early as possible. C. When you are clearheaded. D． When you are not busy. 正确答案：B（2分） 4. According to paragraph 6, what kind of voice is likely to win the audience’s approval? A. A nasal tone. B． A shrill tone. C. A quivering tone. D． An energetic tone. 正确答案：D（2分） 5. What is the author’s attitude toward overcoming nervousness? A. Critical. B． Negative. C. Suspicious. D． Positive. 正确答案：D（2分） Passage Two How many languages do you speak? One, maybe, two, you say? Wrong! If you speak English, you use words from at least 3 5 foreign languages. Surprised? You shouldn’t be. Tim Morris is an English professor at the University of Texas, Arlinton. He says that when we speak English, we are using bits and pieces of many languages. Scholars estimate that one-third of the world’s languages are of Indo-European origin. These include English, French, Latin, German, Dutch, Celtic, and Slavic tongues. Back around AD 450, when Julius Caesar was alive, English as we know didn’t exist. English is relatively young. Its roots go back l,500 years to Britain. People there spoke Celtic. Then came Anglo-Saxon invaders.“These conquerors spoke languages closely related to older forms of Dutch.” Morris says. - 2 - 请在百度文库下载 仅限个人使用 Dutch words like “woord”, “gas” and “man”, became the English equivalents “word”, “grass” and “man”. Anglo-Saxon “Anglish” became “English”. But our story doesn’t end there. English continued to grow and change. When Norman French invaded Britain in 1066, the English vocabulary got an enormous boost. Scholars say that nearly half of all English words are French in their origin. Words like art, orange, taxi, tree and surprise are a few examples. When English colonists came to America in the 1700s, they encountered native Americans and their languages. Words like wigwam, teepee, chipmunk, possum, and tomahawk settled into the colonists’ vocabulary. Centuries later, in the early 1900s, immigrants streamed to America’s shores. Italians taught us to say broccoli, macaroni, opera, and studio. Spanish speakers added mosquito, mustang, tortilloa, and alligator. Bagel, kosher, and pastrami came from those who spoke Yiddish. And yam, gorilla, and jitterbug were taken from African languages. It’s impossible to say exactly how big the English language is. Even counting all the words in a dictionary won’t give you an accurate figure. But you may be thinterested to know that college-size editions like Merriam-Webster’s 10 Collegiate contain about 90,000 “headwords”. Headwords are main entries in bold print. Under a headword are plurals and various forms of that word, along with definitions. In a large dictionary, like the Oxford English Dictionary, are more than 250,000 headwords. Some say the true number of English words is twice of that. That’s a lot of words! But even a highly educated person uses only about 10% of them. Questions 6-10 are based on Passage Two. 6. From the passage we know that ______. A. English belongs to Sino-Tibetan family B． English belongs to Indo-European family C. English was spoken by people before AD 450 D． English was spoken by the Anglo-Saxon invaders 正确答案：B（2分） 7. According to the passage, the origin of English can be dated back to ______. A. the late 1700s B． the year 1066 C. the early 1900s D． 1,500 years ago 正确答案：D（2分） 8. Of the following words, ______ is of Yiddish origin. A． kosher B． tortilloa C. possum D． woord 正确答案：A（2分） 9. A large dictionary, like the Oxford English Dictionary, ______. A. tells the true number of English words B．gives 250,000 headwords without definition C. fails to tell the true number of English words D． fails to give the plural or singular form of headwords 正确答案：C（2分） - 3 - 请在百度文库下载 仅限个人使用 10. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. In the mid-1900s, Italian immigrants streamed to America. B．It’s quite common to come across an Italian word in English. C. One-third of English words are borrowed from other languages. D． Native American languages failed to exert any influence on English. 正确答案：B（2分） Passage Three The estimates of the number of home-schooled children vary widely. The U.S. Department of Education estimates there are 250,000 to 350,000 home-schooled children in the country. Home-school advocates put the number much higher at about a million. Many public school advocates take a harsh attitude toward home schoolers, perceiving their actions as the ultimate slap in the face for public education and damaging move for the children. Home schoolers harbor few kind words for public schools, charging shortcomings that range from lack of religious perspective in the curriculum to a herdlike approach to teach children. Yet, as public school officials realize they stand little to gain by remaining hostile to the home-school population, and as home schoolers realize they can reap benefits from public schools, these hard lines seem to be softening a bit. Public schools and home schoolers have moved closer to tolerance and, in some cases, even cooperation. John Marshall, an education official, says, “We are becoming relatively tolerant of home schoolers.” The idea is, “Let’s give the kids access to public school so they’ll see it’s not as terrible as they’ve been told, and they’ll want to come back.” Perhaps, but don’t count on it, say home-school advocates. Home schoolers oppose the system because they have strong convictions that their approach to education-whether fueled by religious enthusiasm or the individual child’s interests and natural pace—is best. “The bulk of home schoolers just want to be left alone,” says Enge Cannon, associate director of the National Center for Home Education. She says，“Home schoolers choose that path for a variety of reasons, but religion plays a role 85 percent of the time.” Professor Van Galen breaks home schoolers into two groups. Some home schoolers want their children to learn not only traditional subject matter but also “strict religious doctrine and a conservative political and social perspective. Not incidentally, they also want their children to learn-both intellectually and emotionally-that the family is the most important institution in society.” Other home schoolers contend “not so much that the schools teach heresy(异端邪说), but that schools teach whatever they teach inappropriately,” Van Galen writes.“These parents are highly independent and strive to take responsibility for their own lives within a society that they define as bureaucratic and inefficient.” Questions 11-15 are based on Passage Three. 11. According to the passage, home schoolers are ______. - 4 -