江苏省海安中学2018届高三下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)

B. The appearance of totem marked the birth of Chinese civilization. C. Deities in Greek myth are wiser and more beautiful than Chinese ones. D. The time when the myth produced has great influence on its images. 68. The author writes the 4th and 5th paragraphs mainly to ________．

A. display the geographical differences between China and Greece B. compare the agriculture civilization and the marine civilization C. show how environment causes the differences of the two myths D. reveal why Chinese are more conservative than western people

69. What does the underlined word “marine” in the last sentence most probably mean?

A. of advanced level

B. of or relating to the sea D. willing to make adventures

C. independent of anything

70. The differences mainly talked about in the passage between Chinese and Greek myths are ________.

a. aesthetic conception b. surviving skills c. independent spirits d. adventurous spirits e. forming process A. ace

B. bcd

第二卷（非选择题，共35分）

第四部分任务型阅读（共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分）

请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。

People tend to blame the external force when bad things happen and give themselves credit when good things occur. For example, if you passed an exam, the self-serving would lead you to believe that it was because you studied hard. If you failed, on the other hand, you might believe it was because the teacher did not explain the subject correctly, the classroom was too warm or your roommate kept you up all night before the exam. Social psychologists describe this phenomenon as self-serving bias (自利性偏差).

A number of factors have been shown to influence the self-serving bias. Generally, older adults make the internal attribution, that is, credit themselves with their success. Men are more likely to make the

C. ade

D. abd

external attribution, meaning they tend to blame the outside force for their failure. Often when a person is sad, this kind of bias may be opposite: they will attribute positive results to the outside help or even luck, and blame themselves when bad things happen.

Experts suggest that while this bias is quite widespread in the western culture including the U.S. and Canada, it tends to be much less frequent in the eastern culture including China and Japan. Why? Individualist cultures such as the U.S. place greater stress on the personal achievement and self-respect, so protecting the self from feelings of failure is more important. Collectivist cultures, on the other hand, are more likely to attribute the personal success to luck and failure to the lack of talent.

However, there are some situations where the self-serving bias happens less often. Some research has found that people in close relationships, whether the romantic relationship or friendship, tend to be more modest. Your friends or your partner, in other words, would remind you when a bad situation might be partly because of your own doing.

Although the bias can mean avoiding the personal responsibility for one’s action, in many cases, it is a defense mechanism that protects a person’s self-respect. By attributing positive events to personal characteristics, people get an increase in confidence. By blaming the outside force for failure, people make themselves believe they don’t need to be responsible for the failure and thus protect their self-respect.

Another advantage of this bias is that it leads people to persevere even in the face of difficult situations. An unemployed worker may feel more motivated to keep looking for work if he attributes his unemployment to a weak economy, for example, rather than some personal failure. An athlete might feel more motivated to perform well if he believes that his failure during a previous event is the result of bad weather rather than a lack of skill.

Self-serving bias The concept of the ? The self-serving bias mirrors a common phenomenon that people always attribute their success to the (71)▲ reasons while failure to the objective ones. ? The self-serving bias is linked to (73)▲ and gender. Factors (72)▲ the ? The self-serving bias is also connected with one’s (74)▲. For example, an unhappy person tends to blame himself when bad things happen. self-serving bias self-serving bias ? Different (75)▲ backgrounds, whether individualist or collectivist, also have much to do with the self-serving bias. For example, when faced with failure, the former needs more (76)▲ while the latter needs to bear appropriate (77)▲. ? The bias happens (78)▲ frequently when people are in poor relationships. ? The bias helps in protecting a person’s self-respect by increasing his confidence and Advantages self-serving bias ? The bias provides people with essential (80)▲, which helps them keep struggling.

第五部分词汇检测(共10小题；每小题0.5分，满分5分) 根据句意及首字母提示写出所缺单词的正确形式

81. In the absence of any strong data protection laws, companies that have been careless with their clients' data and reputations will probably go u___________.

82. In 2004, Texas became one of only four states in America where whites were no longer in the m__________.

83.Students in our school are willing to do much v___________ work ranging from offering services in sports events to caring for elderly people in nursing homes. 84. To his c___________, he is always honest.

85.Despite the crises the country faced, Atul Khare,the U.N.special representative for East Timor, is o____________ about its future.

86. Several of the explosions targeted railway lines linking Soweto to Johannesburg, leaving busy commuter routes in c____________.

87. People are frequently under the i____________ that scientists know everything and thatscientific theories are fixed.

88. Teaching is definitely a challenging job which requires teachers to use all their skills to the

m____________.

89. In February 1996, President Robert Mugabe f_____________ private cellphone operations, with a

two-year jail term for offenders.

of the (79)▲ him from the personal responsibility for the future. 90. As a matter of fact, there are an increasing number of traffic accidents a____________ from the addiction to smart phones. 第六部分书面表达（满分25分）

请阅读下面短文，并按要求用英语写一篇150词左右的文章。

In life, we will succeed and fail often for reasons that are entirely out of our control. For instance, we can be incredibly nice and love someone deeply, and they may not love us back. We can work harder than anyone else at our lessons and still not be as excellent as our peers. We can eat healthy food, exercise and stay away from alcohol and cigarettes, and still get sick.

My first marriage ended in divorce. To me, it felt very unfair. I had worked hard to be a good wife and mother. However, no matter what I did, I could not make the relationship work.

I could have been shut down by that experience.I could have decided that if one person didn’t appreciate me as a wife, then no one would. I could have given up. But I knew that I wanted to be married. I knew that I wanted to experience traditional family life. So I didn’t let one seemingly unfair experience stop me from believing that I could one day be happily married. And then one day, I met this kind, thoughtful, generous man with whom I now have a wonderful friendship and marriage. But that wouldn’t have happened if I had decided to give up after one failed marriage.

What I’ve learned over the years is that we can do all the things that deserve a good outcome, but get bad things in return instead.

The bottom line is that life is not fair. That is a tough pill to swallow for many of us. As a result, some people shut down after being hit by even one unfair blow from life. They can’t handle the fact that our efforts don’t always get the results that-we expect. But if we let life’s unfairness defeat us, we will never receive the beautiful blessings that life has in store for us. 【写作内容】

1. 以约30个词概括短文内容；

2. 用约120个词就“生活中处处存在看似不公平的事”这一主题发表你的看法，内容包括以下要点： (1) 你对这一现象的看法（至少两点）； (2) 假如你遇到这一现象，你会如何处理。 【写作要求】