江苏省海安中学2018届高三下学期开学考试英语试卷(含答案)

59. What can be done to fight seasonal rise of crimes?

A. Take measure to encourage youth employment. B. Enhance the safety mechanism during the summer. C. Frighten would-be criminals through harsh punishments.

D. Lengthen the school time to hold students in school during summer. 60. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A. Solar terms are responsible for the summer crime spike. B. Crime rates in summer fall by 58 percent in the U.S

C. Criminal activities fall in Los Angeles because of positive community programs. D. The crimes rates in winter are low due to low mobility in the season.

C

Hold your smart phone, smile at the front camera, and click! You get a selfie. There is no doubt that this photo is yours. But if a monkey takes a selfie, does the camera owner have the right to decide how to use it?

Recently, this question has caused a problem between Wikimedia Foundation, a non-profit organization, and British wildlife photographer David J. Slater.

In 2011, Slater was visiting a park in Indonesia when a macaque (猕猴) got hold of one of his cameras. “They were quite naughty, jumping all over my equipment,” Slater told The Telegraph, “and it looked like they were already posing for the camera when one hit the button.” The result was hundreds of monkey selfies. The best of images was a female macaque grinning toothily into the lens.

This week, the grinning monkey selfie returned to the news when Wikimedia refused Slater’s request to take the photos down from Wikimedia Commons, a website that is run by the organization and offers free images.

According to Wikimedia, anyone who downloads the monkey selfie, or any of the millions of images on the site, can copy and use any works here freely as long as they follow what the author says. The question that arose here was whether Slater, who had not held the camera, set up the shot, of pressed the shutter (快门), could be considered the photographer of the monkey selfie. Wikimedia’s position on this was clear: as the work of a non-human animal, this photo has no human author who owns the copyright.

Only authors of creative works, like a piece of writing or a song, own copyrights. In terms of photos, US copyright law says whoever pushes the button on the camera owns the copyright to the image produced, which means that if tourists ask you to take a photo of them, and you happen to hit the shutter button at the exact moment that Justin Bieber, a Canadian singer, made faces behind them, you, as the photographer, would have the photo’s copyright and sell it. The tourists, who own the camera on which the photo was taken and asked you to take the photo don’t get the right to use it without you allowing them to. All this has been complicated by the appearance of surveillance (监控)cameras, smart phones, and large scale photography projectsfor which assistants often press the shutter button to produce works whose copyrights belong to their boss.

Slater seems to be thinking along these lines. He says that buying the cameras, spending thousands of pounds to transport himself to Indonesia, and allowing the monkeys to “steal” his cameras make him the author of the image, regardless of who pushed the button. “In law, if I have an assistant then I still own the copyright,he told the “Today” Show. “I believe in this case, the monkey was my assistant.”

But if one is to believe his own telling of the monkey stealing his camera, Slater didn’t ask the monkeys to take the selfies and finally took the camera away.

If that seems unfair, think about this. If a person left her laptop in a cafe, and a poet picked it up, opened up a word-processing program, and typed out a poem which turned out to be the best poem of this generation, could she ask for much more than her laptop back? 61. The monkey selfie, taken in 2011, returned to the spotlight because.

A. Slater allowed people to download the photo for free

B. Slater allowed Wikimedia Commons to download the photo free of charge C. Wikimedia Commons refused to pay Slater any money for the photo on the website

D. Wikimedia Commons refused to take the photo down from the website despite Slater’s request 62. According to US copyright law, who might Wikimedia think owned the copyright of monkey photo?

A. Slater.

B. Wikimedia.

C. The monkey.

D. No one.

63. The author mentioned Justin Bieber and some special cases to show that .

A. whoever pressed the button would have the photo’s copyright in any cases B. only the famous singer would have the copyright to have the image produced

C. only the owner of the camera would have the copyright of the photo even if he didn’t take it D. whoever pushed the button would have the copyright but in some special cases things were different 64. From the last paragraph we know that the author .

A. supports Wikimedia

B. doesn’t show his attitude at all

D. agrees with neither Wikimedia nor Slater D

Myth was born in childhood of human being. It is a product of ancient imaginations, which can conquer nature, dominate nature and make the power of nature have its own image. It is a cultural phenomenon in civilized society.

China and Greece are birthplaces of Orient and Western civilizations. Prime Minister Constantine Caramanlis of Greece once pointed out: “The civilization of China brought light to the Far East and the whole of Asia, as Greece thought，the cornerstone of European civilization, brought light to the West.” However，for some reasons，there are many differences between Chinese and Greek myth，which show their own unique national spirits and moral principles.

The ancestors of Chinese nation lived on land before one million and seven hundred thousand years. After long uncivilized times, ancient Chinese gradually created civilization. In prehistory, ancient Chinese lived and struggled. Most ancestors' achievements of tribes have been passed down orally. This is old myth. According to some archaeological materials, single myth, which has the meaning of totem(图腾), had appeared in the Late Palaeolithic Age. As the mental belief, totem is the holiest and the most beautiful symbol in ancient tribes' mind. It is their aesthetic conception(审美观). On the contrary, the history of Greece is shorter, and Greek myth produced later than Chinese myth. It produced in about eleventh century BC, and it was far from the age of totem worship. That was the Age of Heroes. Human wisdom had been more and more important and totem worship had tended to disappear. So ancient Greeks thought that human being was the most beautiful in the world. They gave their deities(神灵) the most beautiful images. Those are images of human beings.

China lies in an isolated pocket in East Asia, surrounded by impassable mountains, deserts, seas and valleys. This environment develops a continental culture where people are only looking inward, a farming culture centers on soil, discouraging any adventurous see-faring people. In addition, Chinese myth

C. shows great sympathy to Slater

produced in the Yellow River and the Yangtze River Valley. In both zones, the volume of rain is abundant all the year round. Because the soil is fertile and the resources are rich, both areas are suitable for agriculture. It became the typical continental agriculture. They would not like to take their own lives to struggle with terrifying waves, but would rather work hard in gentle land. Just the ancient Chinese who lived in this continent created this unique myth, ancient Chinese myth.

Contrary to China, Greece is a poor country, barren and dry. Unlike the rich river valleys Yellow River and Yangtze River, its rivers are too small to be navigable, and they dry up in the heat of the mostly rainless summers. The Greek landscape is dominated by high mountains, which occupy about three quarters of the land. As rich land was limited in Greece, to survive, ancient Greeks had to look outward. Sea is the greatest Greek natural resource. It plays a central role in the life of Greeks. The Chinese seas don't look navigable, but the Greek seas look like swimming pools. The Chinese sailor, if he happens to be bold, sails for days without any land in sight. In fact, he can easily get drowned before he has a chance to get anywhere. The Greek sailor, who is always fortunate, can spot islands in all directions on clear days. With these stepping-stones, he can reach any part of the Mediterranean to trade, to stay, to conquer and to colonize. They like to learn advanced technique and cultures from other countries. This provided living space for independence of Greek myth. Frankly speaking, marine civilization created the great Greek myth. 65. What is the passage mainly about?

A. The differences between Chinese and Greek myth. B. The definition of myths and why they came into existence. C. The reasons for the differences between Chinese and Greek myth.

D. The factors resulting in Chinese myth being more advanced than Greek myth. 66. What can we know about the author according to what he writes in this passage?

A. He has a strong affection for his country's civilizations. B. He holds a positive attitude towards the study of myth. C. He agrees with Constanitine in terms of Greek Myth. D. He presents his main point of view in an objective tone. 67. What can we infer from the 3rd paragraph?

A. Chinese myth came into being 1.7 million years earlier than Greek myth.