2020年高考英语(人教版)一轮复习语法专题讲练 第一讲 构词法

语法专题复习

第一讲 构词法

一、构词法的分类

1．派生法，即把词根加上前缀或后缀，得出一个新的单词。如： rich adj.富有的→enrich v．丰富 home n．家→homeless adj.无家可归的

2．转换法，即同一单词具有多种词性，也即词性活用。如： back n．背→back v．支持 slow adj.慢的→slow v．减慢

You can use the_water in the ditch to water the flowers. 你可用沟里的水浇花。

3．合成法，即由两个单词合成一个单词。如： blackboard n．黑板 hand-made adj.手工制作的 二、派生词

在高考英语试卷的语法填空题中，有两到三个小题涉及派生词。因此，我们此讲的重点为派生词。 (一)名词后缀

1．动词＋-ion/-tion/-sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程) correct v．改正；纠正 correction n．改正 celebrate v．庆祝 celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会 conclude v．完成；结束 conclusion n．结论；结束

2．动词＋-er/-or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人) drive v．驾驶开车；驱赶 driver n．司机；驾驶员 gather v．聚集；采集 gatherer n．收集者；采集者 conduct v．指挥；管理 conductor n．指挥；售票员 3．动词＋-ment→名词

punish v．惩罚 punishment n．惩罚 4．动词/形容词＋-th→名词 warm adj. 温暖的 warmth n．温暖

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grow v．生长 growth n．生长 5．形容词＋-y→名词

difficult adj.困难的 difficulty n．困难 honest adj.诚实的 honesty n．诚实 6．形容词＋-ness→名词

kind adj.善良的 kindness n．善良 7．动词＋-ance→名词

annoy vt.使烦恼 annoyance n．生气；烦恼 8．-ship结尾的名词(表示身份、关系、资格) member n．成员；会员 membership n．会员资格 professor n．教授 professorship n．教授身份 9．-ing结尾的名词

garden n．花园 gardening n．园艺 greet v．打招呼；问候 greeting n．问候 10．-age结尾的名词

marry v．结婚 marriage n．婚姻 short adj. 短的 shortage n. 短缺

强化训练一

用所给单词的适当形式填空。

From the 1. (express) on Mary's face，he knew he left bad 2. (impress) on her and if she won the 3. (elect) to become chairman of the Environment 4. (organize), he could not get her 5.________(permit) to join it although he was willing to do his bit to rid the world of 6. (pollute) and to help people enjoy a better Earth. When he was wondering how to change this embarrassing situation, he got 7. (inspire) from his wife's words. Yes, he should try his best to win the election and become chairman himself with his 8.________(determine)to work for the organization.“My dear, you are really a wonderful 9. (help)! I'm sure I will be the 10. (win) of the election.” He said to his wife excitedly.

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It was really a hard time when Li Ping first came to the United States. His 1. (earn) could hardly cover the expenses, so when his wife gave 2. (bear) to their second daughter, they could not afford enough nutritious food.Soon，poor nutrition caused the 3. (die) of the poor baby. 4. (lonely) was another problem because they had no 5. (relate) or friends there. Thanks to his 6. (brave) and 7. (persevere), he managed to gain the 8. (citizen) of the United States and in the end he had his permanent 9.________(settle). He always tells his children like this：Perseverance leads to 10. (happy) and success.

强化训练一

A．1.expression 2.impression 3.election 4.Organization 5．permission 6.pollution 7.inspiration 8.determination 9．helper 10.winner

B．1.earnings 2.birth 3.death 4.Loneliness 5．relations/relatives 6.bravery 7. perseverance 8．citizenship 9. settlement 10. happiness (二)形容词、副词后缀 1．常见形容词后缀

(1)名词＋-al→形容词(表示有……属性，与……有关)。 agriculture n．农业 agricultural adj.农业的 (2)动词＋-ive→形容词。 decide v．决定；下决心 decisive adj.决定性的；关键的

(3)动词＋-able→形容词(表示能够，适于，值得)。 change v．变化；兑换

changeable adj.易变的；变化无常的 (4)名词＋-ful→形容词。

care n．小心；关心 careful adj.小心的；仔细的 (5)名词＋-less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)。

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care n．小心；关心 careless adj.粗心的 (6)名词＋-ly→形容词。

friend n．朋友 friendly adj.友好的 (7)名词＋-y→形容词。

dirt n．污物；脏物 dirty adj.脏的 (8)名词＋-ous→形容词。

danger n．危险 dangerous adj.危险的 2．副词后缀 形容词＋-ly→副词。

careful adj.仔细的 carefully adv.仔细地 3．复合形容词的构成 (1)形容词＋-ing分词。 easy-going随和的 (2)形容词＋名词＋-ed。 kind-hearted 善良的；好心的 (3)名词＋-ed分词。 water-covered被水覆盖的 (4)副词＋-ed分词。 well-written写得好的 (5)数词＋名词＋-ed。 three-legged三条腿的

强化训练二

Ⅰ.阅读下列句子，写出画线单词的汉语意思。

1．You can find the world's largest car rental company in that country.( ) 2．The good working condition in this city is attractive．( ) 3．You can rely on him because he is reliable．( )

4．Her words struck fear into her heart，so she was sleepless all night long, afraid of being killed unexpectedly some day.( )

5．It was a frosty cold morning when he set off for the remote village.( )

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