2020高考英语易错语法点专题四 动词时态和语态（解析版）

2020高考英语易错语法点专题四 动词时态和语态（解析版）

1.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】Kate heard a man's voice in the background, but she couldn't ___________ what he was saying. A. set aside C. make out

B. take back D. keep off

2.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith ___________ in love with the people and culture there. A. would fall

B. had fallen

C. has fallen

D. fell

3.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_________ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics. A. will install

B. will have been installed C. are installed

D. have been installed

4Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement”award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she 【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】had no plans __to retire__ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. 5.【2019·新课标II卷·语法填空】I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years 6.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars

7.【2018·北京】—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just _________ on Monday. A. start

B. have started

C. started

D. had started

8.【2018·江苏】I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______ in the past two years.

A. had been carried out C. is being carried out

B. would be carried out D. has been carried out

9.【2017·北京】People______ better access to health care than they used to, and they’re living longer as a result. A. will have

B. have

C. had

D. had had

10.【2017·天津卷】Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _______ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. A. regard

B. is regarded

C. are regarded

D. regards

【语法精讲】

一、谓语动词 (一)动词的时态和语态

题型 典题试做 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Diets have changed in China—and so too has its top crop. Since 2011, the country has grown (grow) more corn than rice. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. (2018·全国卷Ⅲ)True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal meant (mean) me no real harm. He was just saying: “I’m king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” 语法填空 (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Later, engineers managed (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels(隧道), which became known as the Tube. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school comes (come) first.” (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. (2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Sarah has been told/was told (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.

要点一 各种时态与语态的构成

现在 主动 被动 am/is/are done 主动 过去 被动 was/were done 主动 shall/ will do 将来 被动 shall/will be done 过去将来 主动 should/ would do 被动 should/would be done 时态的考查主要是一般现在时和一般过去时； 考查被动语态的用法； 主谓一致的考查 考点解读 一般 do/does did

am/is/ 进行 are doing has/ 完成 have done am/is/are being done has/have been done was/were doing was/were being done had been done shall/will be doing shall/will have done shall/wil\\ l have been doing \\ shall/will be being done shall/will have been done should/would should/would be be doing being done should/would have done should/would have been doing \\ should/would have been done had done 完成 进行 has/have been doing \\ had been doing 要点二 各种时态的用法 考点一 一、一般现在时

1．表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always, every time, now and then, occasionally, often, seldom, never, sometimes, usually, every day/night等连用。

◆(陕西卷)On Monday mornings it usually takes me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles.

周一早晨开车上班我一般要花费一个小时，虽然实际距离只有20英里。

2．按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作，用一般现在时。只限于go, arrive, leave, start, stay, return, begin, come, close等动词。

◆The shop closes at 11：00 p．m.every day. 这家商店每天晚上11点关门。

3．在时间、条件或让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

◆(江苏卷)The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他刚上任时更富有。

动词第三人称单数的变化规则

一般情况直接加-s work→works get→gets say→says read→reads discuss→discusses 结尾为-s, -x, -sh, -ch或-o，在词尾加-es wash→washes fix→fixes teach→teaches go→goes 结尾为“辅音字母＋y”，变y为i再加-es carry→carries study→studies

try→tries fly→flies cry→cries 二、一般过去时 1．表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often, usually, seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等表示过去的时间状语连用。

◆(2018·北京卷)—Hi, I’m Peter. Are you new here? I haven’t seen you around. ——嗨，我是彼得。你是新来的吗？我没有在附近见过你。 —Hello, Peter. I’m Bob. I just started on Monday. ——你好，彼得。我是鲍勃。我周一才开始住在这儿。

2．有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词：know, think, expect, want等。

◆(全国卷)Edward, you play so well. But I didn’t know you played the piano. 爱德华，你弹得真好。但是我原来不知道你会弹钢琴。

动词过去式的变化规则

一般情况在动词后加-ed 以-e结尾的动词后加-d 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed 以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加-ed 三、一般将来时 1．“shall/will＋动词原形”表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow, next year, in＋一段时间等连用。其中shall通常用于第一人称，will通常用于各种人称。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。

◆(2016·北京卷)The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end.

学生们一直在刻苦学习功课，他们的努力(将来)一定会得到回报。 ◆(北京卷)—What time is it? ——几点了？

—I have no idea. But just a minute, I will check it for you. ——我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。

2．“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 ◆(陕西卷)Dr. Smith, together with his wife and daughters, is going to visit Beijing this summer.

work→worked play→played want→wanted hope→hopedlike→liked study→studiedtry→tried stop→stoppedprefer→preferred admit→admittedpermit→permitted