新世纪大学英语综合教程第三版四第8单元课后练习及翻译

v1.0 可编辑可修改 Enhance Your Language Awareness Words in Action ▇ Working with Words and Expressions

1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:

1) ensure2) exclude3) sustain4) domestic 5) fundamental 6) transparent 7) inherent

elastic

8)

9) input 10) margin

11) reverse 12) potential

13) subsidies 14) restored 15) features

2 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this 16) urged

unit. Complete the sentences with them. Change the form where necessary. ■Answers:

1) is based on2) lived up to

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v1.0 可编辑可修改 3) account for4) has borne out 5) slow down6) act on 7) cash in on8) regardless of 9) on top of10) at their peril 11) in part…in part 12) in the name of

13) torn down

▆ Increasing Your Word Power

1 Each of the following sentences has four parts underlined and marked with A, B, C and D. You are to identify the one that needs correction. Write down the correct usage in the space provided at the end of each sentence. ▆ Answers: ▆Answers: 1) C (are→is)

2) C (scent→smell / odour) 3) B (is told→be told) 4) D (since→while/whereas) 5) C (deciding→decide)

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v1.0 可编辑可修改 6) A (takes→gives) 7) B (medicine→medical) 8) C (minutes→minutes’) 9) C (as well→as well as)

10) B (have usually→usually have) 11) D (while→when)

12) A (Viewing→Viewed) 13) D (seventh→seven) 14) B (said of→said)

15) C (progresses→progress)

2 Clipping is a process that shortens a polysyllabic (多音节的) word by deleting one or more syllables, such as “prof” for “professor”, “copter” for “helicopter”, etc. A number of such abbreviations have been accepted in general usage. Now work in pairs and turn the clipped words into their original forms. Consult a dictionary if necessary. ▆ Answers: Clipped word fax auto burger Original form facsimile automobile hamburger Clipped word fridge memo poli-sci Original form refrigerator memorandum political science demo demonstration sub substitute; submarine flu influenza zoo zoological garden 3 Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in this unit. The target 33

v1.0 可编辑可修改 adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C. ▆ Answers:

Column A 1) falling 2) tragic 3) disorderly 4) momentary 5) developing 6) guilty 7) particular 8) general 9) limited 10) concrete

▇ Grammar and Rhetoric

Column B rising comic orderly lasting developed innocent universal specific endless abstract Column C tide opera mind peace countries person rule purpose patience concept The following sentences seem to be grammatically correct, but they are in effect faulty. Discuss in pairs why they are not acceptable and then improve them.

▇ Answers for reference: 1) Reason: Wordiness

Improved: Before going to the supermarket, we made a list of the groceries we needed to prepare dinner. 2) Reason: Wordiness

Improved: A lot of research has been done to determine its causes. 3) Reason: Wordiness

Improve: Professor Smith knows a great deal about American history.

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