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No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years. I am not certain whether I have met him before.
5、it充当形式宾语,真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样,我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句,把真正的宾语从句后置。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况: (1)在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess, hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand等动词接复合宾语(宾语+宾补)时,要用it作形式宾语。 We find it difficult that we should finish the work on time. She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone. (2)用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。 Keep it in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock. We took it for granted that he would come.
6、否定转移
如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等,主语是第一人称的一般现在时态,其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义,一定要把否定词移到主句谓语上,从句谓语动词用肯定形式。 I don’t think he can do it better than me. I don’t believe he treated the child like that.
7、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序,时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则:
(1)如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时,宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring? They have no idea at all where he has gone.
(2)如果主句谓语是一般过去时,宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。 He said he would come to see us the next day. I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing.
(3)如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等,不管主句是什么时态,宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is. The teacher said the sun rises in the east.
六、高考考点
考点(1) 引导名词性从句的连接词 1. 常见的连接词如下:
① that。that从句为一个句意完整的陈述句,that 不能省略,没有具体的汉语意思,不精品文档
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② whether。whether从句来源于一般疑问句,whether不能省略,意为“是否”。 注意:if 只可以连接动词(discuss除外)后的宾语从句。即:确定意思是“是否”的前提下,名词性从句的连接词优先选用whether。
③特殊疑问词。特殊疑问词引导的从句来源于特殊疑问句,特殊疑问词不能省略,意思为特殊疑问词本来的意思,在从句中充当句子成分。 2.名词性从句中难点、重点的连接词:
① where 可表示抽象意义,“……的地方,……点”;when 可表示“……的时候”。 ② what 引导名词性从句时,可视上下文理解为the +名词+that…如:what=the thing that/anything that…;what=the place that…;what=the time that…;what=the person that… 固定句型:A is to B what C is to D
小结:名词性从句不完整时,如缺主语、宾语、表语时,用what引导。 ③whoever 引导名词性从句时,whoever=anybody who… whatever引导名词性从句时,whatever=anything that… whichever 引导名词性从句时,whichever=any+名词+that… Whoever (=Anybody who) breaks the law will be punished.
考点(2) 名词性从句中的语气
①在It is necessary/natural/important/strange…+that从句中,从句中的谓语动词用“should+原形动词”表虚拟语气,且should可省略。
②表示“建议、命令、要求”意义的动词,后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should+原形动词”,且should可省略。
③表示“建议、要求、命令、想法”意义的名词,后接that从句时,从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,即“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。这类名词有:advice,command,decision,demand, determination,order,preference,proposal,request,requirement等。
考点(3) 名词性从句中的时态
主句时态为过去时,从句时态为过去的某一时态;主句时态为现在时或将来时,从句时态视具体情况而定。
考点(4) 形式主语和形式宾语it
主语从句作句子主语,为平衡句子结构,避免头重脚轻,用it 作形式主语;同理,宾语从句作宾语,为平衡句子结构,避免句子中间臃肿,用it 作形式宾语,使句子瘦身。it所代替的真正的主语从句或宾语从句则放在句子的最后面。
考点(5) 引导词that与what的区别
what既有引导主语从句的作用,同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等),这时what相当于all that/everything that等,常译成“所……的(东西、事情、话等)”;而that只起连接作用,本身无实际意义,在从句中也不充当任何句子成分,但that引导的主语从句放在句首时,不能省略that。如: 精品文档
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What we can't get seems better than what we have. That a new teacher will come to teach us geography is true.
1. ________________(令球迷欣喜的)was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament. (delight)
2. The news ____________(房价将要下跌)has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices. (fall)
3. When the news came_________________, he decided to serve in the army. (break) 当战争爆发的消息传来, 他决定去参军.
4. ________________by one company doesn't necessarily mean that you have no way out to support yourself. (lay)
你被一个公司解雇并不一定意味着你没有出路来养活你自己.
可以攻玉—经典例题
突飞猛进—过手训练
1. __________________________ ought to turn off the lights. (whoever)
最后离开房间的人应该关灯。
2. It is still unknown _______________________________ to visit her sick father. (set)
她是否能省出点时间去看望她生病的父亲还不清楚。
3. It will make a difference if we realize ____________________ to live life to the fullest.
(important)
如果我们意识到充实生活是多么重要的话就会有所作为。
4. ______________________________ is that they are all independent. (common)
他们所拥有的共同之处是他们都很独立。
5. ________________________________ is that it offers more personal services. (what)
使这家商店不同的是它提供了更多的个人服务。
6. Language experts hold the view ______________________________ the development of language. (influence)
语言专家认为网络语言对语言的发展有很大的影响。 7. Tom, don’t you realize that is _______________________? (be) 汤姆,难道你没有意识到这就是你的错误所在吗?
8. Water, which seems so simple and common is ________________________. (make) 看似简单而普通的水却是使生命成为可能的东西。 精品文档
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9. After decoration, our classroom is not ___________________________. (what) 装修后,我们的教室不再和过去一样。
10. Mary wrote an article on ______________________ to win the game. (fail) 玛丽写了篇关于我们这场比赛没有赢的原因的文章。
11. These wild flowers are so special that I will do _______________ . (save) 这些野花如此特别,我将竭尽所能地去挽救他们。
12. Choosing the right dictionary depends on __________________. (what) 正确地选择字典取决于你要用它做什么。
6. We’ll never know ________________________ for us in the ten years to come. (what) 我们永远不会知道在即将到来的10后年我们的生活会发生什么。
7. He spoke proudly of his part in the game, without mentioning ____________________.(what) 他自豪地说出他在比赛中发挥的作用却没有提他的队友们所做的。
8. That morning Jim asked me ___________________________ with my parents the night before. (argue)
那天上午吉姆问我, 我和父母在前一天晚上争论什么。
9. To get a full appreciation of________________ we must turn first to some recent human inventions, (mean)
要透彻理解这句话的意义,我们应先回顾一下人类最近的几项发明。 10. ______________________as men has been proved by a study. (word) 女性用的词汇是男性的两倍,这已经得到了一个研究的证实。
11. Smart phones enable workers to keep in contact in______________ impractical before.(think) 智能手机让上班族们有更多他们以前认为是不现实的方式保持联系。 12. A great sense of balance is to stand on a Swiss Ball. (take) 站在瑞士球上需要很好的平衡感。
13. The stability of a society depends on the extremes of human behavior.(respond) 一个社会的稳定取决于该社会对人们的极端如何作出回应。
14. is that the continue presence of water allows the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. (believe)
很多科学家相信,由于地球上长期有水存在,使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。
15. You can hardly imagine ____________ in such a short time! (progress) 你简直难以想象他在这么短的时间内取得了多么大的进步!
16. Stop dreaming up getting and get down to your work, (belong) 不要幻想得到不属于你的东西,赶紧开始干活吧。
17. I was close to being killed the other day when a car passed me at _______________________. (dangerous)
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