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地震勘探原理 yyy
Seismic Prospecting 地震勘探
Geophysics Exploration/Prospect? 地球物理勘探? Geophysics Main Methods Induction物探方法简介 What is Seismic? 地震?
What is Seismic Exploration?地震勘探?
Seismic Exploration is Made from Three Components地震勘探的组成?(三部分) What is Purpose of Exploration? 地震勘探的目的?(寻找石油和天然气) Now Search for Oil Using Main Methods. 目前找油的主要方法。 Seismic Exploration Development地震勘探的发展概况 Geophysics Exploration/Prospect? 地球物理勘探? Geophysics Main Methods Induction物探方法简介
Gravity Exploration/Prospecting;Gravitational force Exploration重 力 勘 探 density Difference 密度差异
Gravitational Filed Change重力场变化 Gravity Abnormal重力异常
Gravity Meter /Gravimeter 重力仪
Inversion Geology Structure 反演地下地质构造 Magnetic Exploration/Prospecting磁 法 勘 探 Magnetism Difference磁性差异 Magnetic Filed Change磁场变化 Magnetism Abnormal磁力异常 Magnetometer磁力仪
Electric Exploration/Prospecting电 法 勘 探 Electricity Property Difference电性差异 (Electric(Magnetic) Filed Change电(磁)场变化 Electric (Electromagnetism) Abnormal电性异常 Electromagnetism Meter电法(磁)仪
Seismic Exploration/Prospecting地 震 勘 探 Elasticity Property Difference弹性差异 Filed Change弹性波场变化
Elasticity Waves Abnormal弹性异常(速度不同) Seismograph
What is Seismic? 地震? Seismic Wave地震波
What is Seismic Exploration? 地震勘探?
What are Consist of Seismic Exploration? 地震勘探的组成? Include: Three Components/Parts.它由三个部分组成: Acquisition Data/Information in Fields野外资料采集
Acquisition / Obtain Primary Seismic Record获得原始地震记录(磁带数据) Primary Seismic record原始地震记录
Plane Interface Plane Reflect Event平界面―平同相轴 Must Processing data要进行数据处理
Process Data/Information in Home室内资料处理
purpose---Obtain Horizontal Stack Time Section目的――得到与地质剖面在形态上有
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一定对应关系的时间剖面 Time Section时间剖面
Interpretation Data/Information in home室内资料解释
Purpose--Obtain Geology Section目的――得到地质剖面图――平面构造图(等T0或等深度构造图)。
What is Purpose of Seismic Exploration? 地震勘探的目的? Main Methods/Ways search for Oil目前寻找石油的主要方法 Geology Method地质法
Exploration Methods物探方法 Drill Way (Log/Well) 钻探法
Geophysics Exploration Methods物探方法
Drill is a Direct Method to Search for Oil and Gas钻探是直接找油的方法 Development of Seismic Exploration地震勘探的发展概况 SEG(美国勘探地球物理家学会,1930)每年一次,今年为74屇。
EAEG(欧洲勘探地球物理家协会,European Association of Exploration Geophysicists,1951)
Geophysics 地球物理学(SEG,1936) the Leading Edge 前缘
Geophysical prospecting 地球物理勘探( EAEG ,1953) First Break 初至
Seismic Exploration Basic Theory地震勘探的理论基础 Main Content内容提要
Rock Elasticity Property岩石的弹性
Ideal Elasticity Media and Plastics Media理想弹性介质与粘弹性介质 Some Elasticity Mould/Constant几种弹性模量(弹性常数)
Passage 2 Seismic Wave Basic Conception第二节 地震波的基本概念 Seismic Waves Formation地震波的形成
Seismic Waves Basic Type地震波的基本类型 Seismic Waves Description地震波的描述 Destroy Circle/round破坏圈 Plastics Range/band塑性带
Elasticity Formation Range/rear弹性形变区
(Seismic waves Basic Type—Body Waves and Surface Waves) 地震波的基本类型— 体波和面波
Primary Wave纵波(P)
media body change /by pressure force弹性介质发生体积形变所产生的波动(体积变化)(
Particles Move/Vibration in Consistence With Wave Propagation Direction. 质点的振动(位移)与波的传播方向一致(声波Sound/Acoustic Wave) Shear Mould剪切模量
in anyone media propagation( solid, liquid and gas ) 可在任何介质中传播 Secondary Wave横波(S)
shape change/by shears force弹性介质发生切变时所产生的波动(形状变化) Particles Move(displacement) Vertical to Wave propagation Direction质点的振动(位
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移)与波传播的方向垂直(绳波 rope wave)
only in solid propagation只在弹性固体中传播,即横波不通过液体气体,因为剪切模量=0
Surface waves面波
Rayleigh Wave瑞雷面波(R)
Along to Free Surface of Media propagation. 沿着介质的自由表面,如地表面传播 Ellipse Plane in Consistence with wave propagation direction and Length Axis Vertical to Surface传播时,质点的振动(位移)轨迹是一个向震源逆进的椭圆,椭圆平面与波的传播方向一致,且长轴垂直于地面 Low Frequency , Low Velocity低速、低频
Energy(Amplitude) are Attenuated Quick as Depth and Observed in Tens Meter能量(振幅)随深度迅速衰减,一般在离地面几十米的深度范围内观测到 Love Wave乐夫波(L)
Along to Interface Between Two Media. 沿着界面传播,形成条件VS2>VS1 Move(displacement) Vertical to Wave propagation Direction and plane to interfaces岩石质点振动方向垂直波的传播方向而振动面平行界面 Seismic Waves Description 地震波的描述 Vibration Pattern振动图 Wave section波剖面
Frequency Spectrum频谱图 Wave front face波前 Ray射线
Vibration pattern and characters振动图及其特点 Description Parameters描述参数 Apparent Period视周期T*: Apparent Amplitude视振幅A* The First Arrive/Break初至t1
Wave Section and Characters波剖面及其特点 Parameters Description参数描述 wave Crest波峰 wave Trough波谷
Apparent Wave Length视波长λ*
Frequency Spectrum Pattern地震波的频谱图
Time domain and Frequency Domain时间域、频率域
Signal are showed into Function Amplitude Change as Time Change时间域:把信号表示为振幅随时间变化的函数,称为信号在时间域的表示形式,如波振动图
Signal are showed into Function Amplitude and Phase Change as Frequency Change )频率域:把信号表示为振幅和相位随频率变化的函数,称为信号在频率域的表示形式。如波剖面图。
Frequency Spectrum Analysis地震波的频谱分析 main Frequency主频
Frequency Band width频带宽度
Seismic Waves Front and Ray地震波的波前和射线
wave front, Wave Back and Vibration Range地震波的波前、波尾、扰动带
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Front Wave波前 Back Wave波尾
Vibration Range扰动带
Seismic Wave Ray地震波的射线 ray射线
Ray Vertical to Wave Front. 射线永远垂直于波前
Passage 3 Seismic wave Velocity第三节 地震波的速度 Longitudinal Velocity纵波速度
Transverse /Horizontal wave横波速度
Main Geology Factors of Affect Seismic Wave Velocity影响地震波速度的主要地质因素分析
Density and age of Rock to Seismic Wave Velocity Affect岩石密度、地质年代对地震波速度的影响---成正比
Velocity Directly Proportional to Density , Thickness (Depth), Geology Ages密度越大、年代越老――速度越大。
The Secondary: depth of Layer to velocity effect. 地层的埋藏深度对速度的影响 Velocity change/Varity as depth Change and is not Linear速度与埋深的变化成正比关系,但并不是线性关系
Velocity Varity rule速度变化规律
The third: Rock Porosity to Velocity Affect 3.岩石的孔隙度对速度的影响 rule is : 1) Porosity Larger→Velocity Small一般规律:孔隙度大,则速度就小 Time Average Equation时间平均方程
The Forth: Fill Substance of in Rock to Velocity Affect. 4、岩石中的孔隙充填物对与速度的影响
Velocity Distribution Law and Character速度分布规律及特点 Formation Layer Character成层性 Increase Character递增性 Direction Character方向性 Location Character分区性
Seismic Velocity Approximate/Real Media Simplify地震速度的近似 Even medium均匀介质 Layers medium层状介质
Continuous/Successive Medium连 续 介 质 constant常数
Passage 4. Seismic Wave Propagation Law/Rule第四节 地震波的传播规律 Basic Principle of Seismic Wave propagation. 地震波传播的基本原理 Front Wave Principle惠更斯原理(波前原理)
ray Principle/The Least Time Principle费马原理(射线原理)、时间最小原理 reflection and Refraction Law斯奈尔定律(反射――折射定律) Reflection Wave Formation and Character反射波形成及特点
(Penetration/Transmission Wave Formation and character) 透射波的形成及特点 Refraction Wave Formation and character折射波的形成及特点 Reflection Coefficient反射系数R
Condition of Reflection Wave Formation形成反射波的条件
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