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2014年10月自考《英语一》讲义 Unit 07 - (含课文、生词表、课后练习及答案)

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Dear Jack, I am extremely sorry that I forgot about our lunch date. I was so busy at work that day that it completely slipped my mind. To make amends, I would love to treat you to lunch next Wednesday at that new Italian restaurant, Julieis. Does 12:30 pm work for you? I havmarked this date in my planner so that I will be sure to see it. Again, I apologize for missing our appointment. Dan Guided Practice Directions: You were late again for class and the teacher was very unhappy. Write a letter apology to your teacher in about 120 words. [答疑编号506494070739:针对该题提问]

【写作思路】本题要求写一封因为上课迟到而惹得老师生气的道歉信。下面简要列出写作步骤:

1.注意信的开头要写明收信人的名字:Dear Miss/ Mr.…

2.首先要对自己迟到的事情表示深刻的歉意:I am so/extremely sorry that…

3.说明自己迟到的原因:illness(生病)、traffic(交通堵塞)、overwork(过度工作)…

4.请求老师的谅解,并保证不再上课迟到:I apologize…And I promise… 5.最后在信的左下角注明写信人的名字。

Grammar in focus>

形容词与副词的比较级和最高级(Degrees of Comparison)

形容词和副词在句子中都属于修饰语。形容词主要用于修饰和描绘名词;副词主要用于修饰动词、形容词词以及其他结构。英语中的形容词和副词在表示“比……更……”和“最……”的含义时,要采用比较级和最的形式,与比较级和最高级相对的形式,称为原级。形容词和副词的比较结构可分为同级比较(也称原级比较异级比较(也称为比较级比较)和最高级比较三种情况。

一、形容词和副词的同级比较

同级比较有肯定和否定两种形式,用于两种事物之间进行比较,肯定形式表示“一方像另一方一样……”“两者同样……”,其基本结构是as+形容词(副词)原级+ as+比较对象;否定形式表示“一方不如另一其基本结构是not so (as)+形容词(副词)原级+as+比较对象。例如: The city centre is as crowded today as it usually is.

Generally speaking, men can't calculate so quickly and accurately as computers.

二、形容词和副词的异级比较(比较级比较)

异级比较主要用于两个比较对象之间,表示“前者比后者更……”或“前者不如后者更……”,其基本结形容词(副词)比较级+than+比较对象。例如: Facts speak louder than words.

The new edition of the dictionary is more expensive than the old one. 提示:

·比较的对象必须是同类事物,即比较级的两端必须保持平行。

·有时,在同级比较as...as结构和异级比较more…than之间出现一个名词。这时,通常将名词置于比构中间,但要注意冠词只能置于名词之前。例如:

He is as clever a student as anyone else in his class. That was more important a meeting than we had imagined.

·在异级比较结构中,比较级的前面常常加上修饰语,表示程度。下列副词或短语可以用于修饰比较级:even, much, still, a lot, a little, a bit, rather, slightly, (three) times 等。very只能用于修容词的原级,不可用于修饰比较级。例如:

He is far more truthful than most people I know.

This text is a little bit more difficult than the other one.

·有时,比较级前面可加上冠词the,比较级后面加上一个表示比较的范围,这时比较级用于表示“两者较为……的”,例如:

He is the taller of the two brothers. Which of the two plans is the better?

·英语中的某些形容词,由于其本身所表达的词义已经暗含“与同类相比较为(最为)……”的意思,一用于比较级结构,也不用程度副词very等修饰。这类词语主要有:

absolute, primary, correct, wrong, favourite, ultimate, perfect, eternal, first, last, truewrong, unique, final, total, sole等。另外一些词,如senior, junior, inferior, superior等,后面to来表示比较的对象。

三、形容词和副词的最高级比较

形容词和副词的最高级只能用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之间的比较,表示“最……”的意思。形容词高级前面通常要加定冠词,并有一个短语或说明比较的范围。副词的最高级前定冠词往往可以省略。例如: Of all things in the world, people are the most precious. Of all the students in this class, he works (the) hardest. They competed to see who could work the fastest and best. 提示:

有时,most与形容词或副词连用,但并不表示最高级比较的意义,而是一般的程度副词,可译为 “很”“非常”。例如:

The telephone is a most useful tool without which our modern life would be almost impossibl She behaved most generously.

四、表示高级意义的比较结构

有些比较级结构在形式上属于同级比较或异级比较结构,但由于辅以某种词汇手段,如no, nothing, aanything else, ever等,常常能表达最高级含义。例如: He works harder than anyone else in the class.

Nothing in my life shook me so deeply as this first arrival in Hong Kong SAR. It can't be worse than that. (=That's the worst thing.)

五、不表示比较意义的比较结构

英语中的某些句子,虽采用类似比较级的结构但本身并不表示比较意义。此类句子常包含not so much…more (less)…than, more of a… than, less of a…than等结构,表示“与其说……不如说”这种意义如:

She's more of a poet than a musician. She was less hurt than frightened.

六、几组常用短语的用法

形容词的比较级还可用于no more than(仅仅),more and more(越来越),the more…the more (是……越是……), all the more(更加),more than(不止是),less than(不到),so much the bet(就更好了)等句型中。例如:

There are no more than a dozen students in such a big classroom. I was more than surprised; I was astonished.

Actually, the busier he is, the happier he feels. As a result, the rich became all the richer.

Exercises

Directions: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions.

1. Do you enjoy listening to records? I find records are often __________or better than an actual performance.

A) as good as B) as good C) good D) good as

[答疑编号506494070801:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文:你喜欢听唱片吗?我发现唱片通常和现场表演一样精彩,甚至会更

好。根据句意可知本题是平行结构的比较级,要用as+形容词+as来表示“和……一样……”。答案为A。

2. The manufacturer claimed that this engine is _________the previous one. A) as twice powerful as B) powerful as twice as C) twice powerful as D) twice as powerful as [答疑编号506494070802:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文:制造商声称这个引擎的功率是之前那个的两倍。英语中表示“是……倍数”,可以用“倍数+as+形容词+as”来表达。答案为D。

3. It is better to die on one's feet than__________. A) living on one's knees B) live on one's knees C) on one's knees D) to live on one's knees [答疑编号506494070803:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文:宁愿站着死绝不跪着生。live on one's knees意为“跪着活着”,

是固定搭配,C错;than连接两个比较的对象,前后结构应该一样,前面是不定式,后面也应该用不定式。答案为D。

4. He is _______player as anyone else on the football team. A) as an intelligent B) as intelligent a C) so an intelligent D) so intelligent a [答疑编号506494070804:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文:他和足球队的其他人一样,是个有悟性的运动员。本题考查的是as+

形容词+as表示“和……一样”的用法,又player是可数名词的单数,其前要用不定冠词a。答案为B。

5. He knows little of mathematics, and _________of chemistry. A) even more B) still less C) no less D) still more [答疑编号506494070805:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文:他数学不好,化学就更不懂了。首先根据句意可知A和D不符合。

still意为“仍然”,and前面的句子用的是little,后面的句子要用less来进行比较,C意为“不比……少”,也不合题意。答案为B。

6. The number of registered participants in this year's marathon was half________. A) of last year's B) those of last year's C) of those of last year D) that of last year's [答疑编号506494070806:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】D

【答案解析】译文:今年马拉松比赛记名的参与者人数是去年的一半。根据句意可知本题

是将今年和去年参加马拉松比赛的人数进行比较,that替代前边的主语the number of,其中the number of是单数。如果替代复数名词的话,则用these或those。答案为D。

7. \\A) twice so much B) twice as much C) as much twice D) so much twice [答疑编号506494070807:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】B

【答案解析】译文:“你买这幅画花了500美元,后悔吗?”“不后悔,我应该庆幸没花

两倍的价钱买它。”本题是肯定句,不用so这种比较级形式,A和D错;表示“高达几倍”要用“倍数+as much/many”,此处是比较的价钱,是不可数,要用much。答案为B。

8. This pair of shoes isn't good; that pair is _______better. A) much B) very C) less D) ever

[答疑编号506494070808:针对该题提问]

【正确答案】A

【答案解析】译文:这双鞋不好,那双鞋要好些。修饰比较级不能用程度副词very以及ever,也不能用本来就是比较级的less来修饰。答案为A。

9. Why is there _______traffic on the streets in February than in May?

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Dear Jack, I am extremely sorry that I forgot about our lunch date. I was so busy at work that day that it completely slipped my mind. To make amends, I would love to treat you to lunch next Wednesday at that new Italian restaurant, Julieis. Does 12:30 pm work for you? I havmarked this date in my planner so that I will be sure to see it. Again, I apologize for missing our appointment. D

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