1999年考研英语真题阅读详解

小组尚未在一个关键问题上达成一致，即是否建议立法机关把将私人资金用于克隆人的行为视为犯罪。

在5月17日会议上讨论的建议序言草案中，夏皮罗表示，专家组已取得广泛的共识，认为“试图利用成人细胞核去克隆婴儿将是违背道德伦理的”。夏皮罗解释说在与会期间，道德上的怀疑主要源于对婴儿健康带来危害的担忧。随后，该小组非正式地接受了几条一般的结论，尽管有些细节尚无定论。

NBAC计划呼吁继续禁止使用联邦政府基金利用人体细胞核去克隆婴孩的任何企图。因为现行的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆研究用的胚胎（人类子代出生前的最早阶段）或有意识地危及胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究这一问题上保持沉默。

NBAC的成员明确表示，他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。但他们在是否进一步要求联邦立法强令彻底禁止克隆人这一问题上存在分歧。夏皮罗和大多数委员赞成将此立法，但在电话采访中，他透露这一议题仍“悬而未决”。

1999 Text 5

Science, in practice, depends far less on the experiments it prepares than on the preparedness of the minds of the men who watch the experiments. Sir Isaac Newton supposedly discovered gravity through the fall of an apple. Apples had been falling in many places for centuries and thousands of people had seen them fall. But Newton for years had been curious about the cause of the orbital motion of the moon and planets. What kept them in place? Why didn't they fall out of the sky? The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

How many men would have considered the possibility of an apple falling up into the tree？ Newton did because he was not trying to predict anything. He was just wondering. His mind was ready for the unpredictable. Unpredicability is part of the essential nature of research. If you don't have unpredictable things, you don't have research. Scientists tend to forget this when writing their cut and dried reports for the technical journals, but history is filled with examples of it.

In talking to some scientists, particularly younger ones, you might gather the impression that they find the \method\a substitute for imaginative thought. I've attended research conferences where a scientist has been asked what he thinks about the advisability of continuing a certain experiment. The scientist has frowned, looked at the graphs, and said \data are still inconclusive.\Is it worthwhile going on? What do you think we might expect?\having even been asked to speculate.

What this amounts to, of course, is that the scientist has become the victim of his own writings.

He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the \balls\

67. The author wants to prove with the example of Isaac Newton that ________.

[A] inquiring minds are more important than scientific experiments

[B] science advances when fruitful researches are conducted

[C] scientists seldom forget the essential nature of research

[D] unpredictability weighs less than prediction in scientific research

68. The author asserts that scientists ________.

[A] shouldn't replace \

[B] shouldn't neglect to speculate on unpredictable things

[C] should write more concise reports for technical journals

[D] should be confident about their research findings

69. It seems that some young scientists ________.

[A] have a keen interest in prediction

[B] often speculate on the future

[C] think highly of creative thinking

[D] stick to \

70. The author implies that the results of scientific research ________.

[A] may not be as profitable as they are expected

[B] can be measured in dollars and cents

[C] rely on conformity to a standard pattern

[D] are mostly underestimated by management

核心词汇

1. in practice 实际上；在实践中

2. depend on 依靠，取决于

3. the preparedness of the minds 有准备性的头脑

4. supposedly 据认为；据信

5. cause 原因；起因；事业

6. orbit 轨道

7. motion 运动

8. would have considered 将会考虑到

9. unpredictable 不可预测的

10. nature 本质

11. tend to 易于

12. cut and dried 简洁的

13. substitute for 替代

14. imaginative 有想象力的

15. advisability 可行性

16. frown 不同意

17. inconclusive 非结论性的

18. speculate 推测

19. amount to 相当于；等于

20. measureable 可以测量的

21. unquestioned 没有疑问的

22. convince 确信；相信

23. regularity 规律性

24. conformity 一致性

25. standard pattern 标准模式

26. discriminate against 歧视

27. odd balls 怪人

28. conventional 传统的

29. work well with the team 有团队精神

30. in favor of 支持

难句精解

①The fact that the apple fell down toward the earth and not up into the tree answered the question he had been asking himself about those larger fruits of the heavens, the moon and the planets.

▲这个句子的主干是The fact answered the question。复杂之处在于主语fact跟了一个同位语从句，解释的是fact的内容，注意这个从句中and省略了与前面相同的主语谓语the apple fell；后面的宾语带了一个定语从句，这个从句的引导词that或者which省略了，about短语是对question的解释，those larger fruits of the heavens指的就是the moon and the planets。

△找出这个句子的主干，再看主语和宾语的修饰性短语，再一个需要注意的是larger fruits of the heavens和后面the moon and the planets的复指关系。