张汉熙高级英语第二册讲义4

让双方进行首次谈判，对监督和控制军备制订出严格可行的计划?并且把足以毁灭其他国家的绝对力量置于世界各国的绝对管制之下。

让双方致力于揭开科学的奥秘，而不是科学的恐怖。让我们共同努力去探测星空，征服沙漠，消除疾病，开发洋底，并促进艺术和贸易的发展。

让双方一起在世界各个角落听取以赛亚的指示，去“卸下沉重的负担……(并)让被压迫者获得自由”。

如果初次的合作能够减少彼此之间的疑虑的话，那就让我们双方进而开始新的合作吧，不是寻求新的力量均衡，而是建立一个有法制的新世界，使强者公正，弱者安全，和平得以维持。

所有这一切不会在第一个一百天内完成，也不会在第一个一千天内完成，不会在本届政府任期内完成，甚至也许不会在我们这一辈子完成。但我们要让它从我们手上开始。

同胞们，我们事业的成败关键不仅仅是握在我的手中，更大一部分是握在你们手中。自从我国建立以来，每一代美国人都曾应召验证自己对祖国的忠诚。应召服役的美国青年的坟墓已遍布全球。

如今那号角又在召唤我们了。它不是在号召我们扛起武器一一尽管我们也需要武器，不是在号召我们去参战——尽管我们也准备应战，而是在号召我们肩负起一场长期的艰苦斗争的重任，年复一年，“忍受困苦，向往未来”，为反对人类共同的敌人——暴政、贫困、疾病以及战争本身——而斗争。

我们能否建立一个把东西南北联在一起的伟大的全球联盟来对付这些敌人，以确保人类享有更为富有成效的生活呢?你是否愿意参加这一具有历史意义的行动呢?

在世界漫长的历史上，只有少数几代人能在自由面临极大危险的时刻被赋予保卫自由的任务。在这一重任面前，我不退缩，我欢迎这一重任。我认为我们中间不会有人愿意与别人或另一代人调换位置。我们从事这一事业的那种精力、信念和献身精神将照耀我们的国家和一切为此出力的人们。这一火焰所发出的光芒将真正照亮这个世界。

因此，美国同胞们，你们应该问的不是你们的国家能为你们做些什么，而是你们自己能为你们的国家做些什么。

和我处在同样地位的世界各国的公民们，你们应该问的不是美国会为你们做些什么，而是我们一起能为人类自由做些什么。

最后，无论你们是美国公民还是世界各国的公民，请以我们在此要求于你们的那种力量和牺牲的高标准反过来要求我们。良心是我们唯一可靠的报酬，历史是我们所作所为的最后裁判。让我们迈步向前，去领导我们所热爱的国家吧，我们祈求上帝的保佑和帮助，但我们知道，上帝在人间的工作就是我们自己的工作。

Inaugural Address 课后练习题/EXERCISES 4

I. Write short notes on 1) John F. Kennedy's family background 2) his political career and election as president 3) his assassination. [SRB]

1. The New Book of Knowledge 2. Encyclopedia Americana 3. Encyclopaedia Britannica

4. any history of the United States covering the 1960's 5. any biography or biographical sketch of John F. Kennedy Ⅱ Questions on content:

1. Do you agree with Kennedy that the world is very different now? What differences does he have in mind? Do you agree with him?

2. What belief is still at issue around the globe? Do you agree with him? 3. Whom does Kennedy consider as friends and whom as foes?

4. Name some old allies of the United States whose cultural and spiritual origins the United States share.

5. Name some of the new states whom Kennedy welcomes (para 7). What does he pledge to them?

6. Who are those peoples in huts and villages? Why does Kennedy want to help them?

7. What is his stated policy towards Latin America?

8. Sum up the policy Kennedy says he intends to pursue towards those nations whom he considers to be \

9. What is his message to his fellow citizens? What does he mean by \twilight struggle\

10. Do you agree that freedom was in its hour of maximum danger when Kennedy assumed office? Give your reasons. Ill. Questions on appreciation:

1. Speeches are generally highly rhetorical. Point out some of the different rhetorical devices Kennedy employs to make his inaugural address as forceful and impressive as possible.

2. Is the address well organized? Comment on the order in which he addressed the different groups of nations and people.

3. Cite examples to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice and use of words.

4. Is his tone and message suited to the different groups he addresses? Give your reasons.

5. This inaugural address is regarded by many in the United States as a classical speech, and many passages are often quoted. Could you pick out some passages likely to be quoted by Americans? Give reasons for your choice.

6. Is Kennedy' s argument and persuasion based mainly on facts and logic or on an appeal to emotions? Would this type of speech be successful on all occasions?

IV. Paraphrase:

1. And yet the same revolutionary beliet for which our forebears fought is still at issue around the globe (para 2)

2. This much we pledge--and more. (para 5)

3. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. (para 5) 4. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (para 9)

5. our last best hope in an age where the instruments of war have far outpaced the instruments of peace (para 10)

6. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (para 10)

7. before the dark powers of destruction unleashed by science engulf all humanity in planned or accidental self-destruction (para 11)

8. yet both racing to alter that uncertain balance of terror that stays the hand of mankind's final war (para 13)

9. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness (para 14)

10. Let both sides seek to invoke the wonders of science instead of its terrors. (para 17)

11. each generation of Americans has been summoned to give testimony to its national loyalty (para 21 )

12. With a good conscience our only sure reward, with history the final judge of our deeds, let us go forth to lead the land we love (para 27) V Translate paras 23--26 into Chinese.

Ⅵ. Look up the dictionary and explain the meaning of the italicized words: 1. the same solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three-quarters ago (para 1)

2. for man holds in his mortal hands the power (para 2) 3. is still at issue around the globe (para 3) 4. disciplined by a hard and bitter peace (para 3) 5. to which we are committed today (para 3)

6. to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights (para 3) 7. we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder (para 6) 8, to be replaced by a far more iron tyranny (para 7 ) 9. struggling to break the bonds of mass misery (para 8)

10. to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective (para 10) 11. to enlarge the area in which its writ may run (paralO) 12. that stays the hand of mankind's final war (para 13) 13. tap the ocean depths (para 17)

14. not as a call to bear arms.., but a call to bear the burden of a long twilight struggle (para 22)

Ⅶ. Discriminate the following groups of synonyms: 1. mortal, fatal, deadly, lethal

2. faithful, loyal, constant, staunch, resolute

Ⅷ. Give ten synonymous and/or related words of the word tyranny. Give words of

the same part of speech. [SRB]

1 . Rogers International Thesaurus 2. Webster’s Collegiate Thesaurus

Ⅸ. Give ten antonymous and/or contrasted words of the word poverty. Give words of the same part of speech. [SRB]

1. Roget's International Thesaurus 2. Webster’s Collegiate Thesaurus

X. Match the verbs and nouns in the two columns. pay the arts bear foes pledge friends

explore a (great) alliance conquer (one' s) word eradicate disease tap proposals encourage the stars forge the (ocean) depths support a price oppose the deserts formulate a burden

Ⅺ.Pick out as many antitheses as you can from the speech.

Ⅻ. The speaker employs repetition and parallel structures to gait force. Pick out at least ten places where repetition or parallelism occurs.

Models: 1. We observe today not a victory of party but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as well a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (parallelism)

2. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist free men and free governments in casting off the chains of poverty. (repetition) ⅩⅢ. The following sentences all contain metaphors. Explain their meaning in plain, non-figurative language:

1. But we shall not always expect .. to remember that, in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.

2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. 3. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.

4. we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak

5.And if a beachhead of co-operation may push back the jungle of suspicion 6.The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. ⅩⅣ. Read the following \