作家与作品

I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages

贝奥武夫:the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里?乔叟1340(?)~1400 (首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。) The father of English poetry.

It is ____alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive (综合的，广泛的)realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life. ( A )

A. Geoffrey Chaucer B. Matin Luther C. William Langland D. John Gower

writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity. ① 坎特伯雷故事集：

first time to use ?heroic couplet?(双韵体) by middle English ②特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德 ③ 声誉之宫

Medieval Ages’ popular Literary form: Romance(传奇故事) Famous three：King Arthur

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Beowulf

II The Renaissance Period

The most famous dramatists:

Christopher Marlowe William Shakespeare Ben Johnson.

1. Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞1552~1599

（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。） The poets? poet.The first to be buried in the Poet?s corner of Westerminster Abbey

12. Which of the following statements is not the reason for that Edmund Spenser is famous for “the poet?s poet”? ( B )

A. Spenser?s idealism B. his struggle for criteria C. his love of beauty D. his exquisite melody

① 仙后(for Queen Elizabeth) ② 牧人日历

The theme is to lament over the loss of Rosalind. ③ 爱情小唱?

2.Thomas? More托马斯?莫尔1478~1535 One of the greatest English humanists

①乌托邦?

3. Sir Thomas Wyatt (怀亚特) and Henry Howard（霍华德）: The Songs and

Sonnets (the first anthology of English lyric poems

4. John Lyly (one of the University wits (大学才子),

created a style of prose writing called euphuism (绮丽体) / (尤佛里斯体):

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Eupheus （《尤佛里斯》）

5. Sir Philip Sidney (锡德尼):

Arcadia (《阿卡迪亚》) Apology for Poetry (《诗辩》)

Astrophel and Stella (《阿斯特罗菲和斯黛拉》(a series of sonnets, the first important sequence of sonnet in England )

6. Francis? Bacon弗兰西斯?培根1561~1626

Philosopher, scientist, lay the foundation for modern science. The first English essayist.?

Writing style:brevity, compactness&powerfulness, well-arranging and enriching by Biblical allusions, metaphors and philosophy to man?s reason.

①学术的推进 ②随笔(famous quotas: )?

The theme of Of Studies: uses and benefits of study and different ways

adopted by different people to pursue studies.

7. Ben Jonson

① ②狐狸

8. Christopher? Marlowe柯里斯托弗?马洛1564~1595

“University Wits”, the pioneer of English drama（完善了无韵体诗。）

Blank verse: written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.

14. Marlowe gave new vigor to ____ with his “mighty lines” ( D ) A. the Petrarchan sonnet B. sestina C. terza rima D. blank verse

①浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）

②帖木耳大帝?

③马耳他的犹太人

9. William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616? left us with 37 plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems

① Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard

II；Henry VIII

②Four Comedies: 皆大欢喜; 第十二夜;

仲夏夜之梦; 威尼斯商人

③Four Tragedies: 哈姆莱特; 奥赛罗; 李

尔王; 麦克白

④Shakespeare Sonnet :154

Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg

A sonnet is a lyric consisting of 14 lines, usually in

iambic pentameter restricted to a definition rhyme scheme.

III The 17th Century

1. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674

①Epics: 失乐园?

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复乐园

②Dramatic poem: < Samson Agonistes>力士参孙 ③ 论出版自由?

为英国人民声辩 ④ 我的失明

This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde,

2. John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688 Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)

①Religionary Allegory:天路历程? 3. John Donne

the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人). Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗)：（用语）the diction is simple, the imagery is from the actual, (形式)the form is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought） Artistic features:

1. conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2. syllogism三段论 ① Meditations 沉思录

The Flea 虱子 ② Songs And Sonnets Holy Sonnets

③Valediction:

IV The 18th Century：Enlightenment

1. Alexander Pope亚历山大?蒲柏1688~1744

（18世纪英国最伟大的诗人，其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/ “ heroic couplets”。词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。）

As a representative of the Enlightenment， Pope was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England....

Eg. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, who was one of the first to introduce rationalism to England? ( C )

A. John Bunyan B. Daniel Defoe C. Alexander Pope D. Jonathan Swift

①批评论? Artistic features:

1.Using “heroic couplets”

② 卷发遇劫记 ③ 道德论

人论? 愚人记

2. Samuel? Johnson塞缪尔?约翰逊1709~1784

①Dictionary =英语大词典? 3. Jonathan Swift乔纳森?斯威夫特1667~1745

（十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家a master satirist。）

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① 格列佛游记(fictional work) Four parts:

Lilliput 小人国 Brobdingnag 大人国 Flying Island 飞岛 Houyhnhnm 马岛

一个小小的建议? ② 书战

③ 木桶的故事?

④ 一个麻布商的书信 4. Daniel Defoe丹尼尔?笛福1660~1731

（小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者；十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。）?

He is the first writer study of the lower-class people, his language is smooth, easy, colloquial and mostly vernacular, and he is the founder of realistic novel.

① 鲁宾逊漂流记 ② ③ ④

5. Henry Fielding亨利?菲尔丁1707~1754

（英国小说家，戏剧家，被誉为“英国小说之父” 。）

He is called “Father of English novel”. He was the first to write a “Comic epic in prose”(散文体史诗), and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style. ① novels:

弃婴汤姆?琼斯

约瑟夫?安德鲁 大诗人江奈生?威尔德 爱米利亚? ② plays:

一七三六年历史记事 堂吉柯德在英国?

6. Oliver Goldsmith奥利弗?格尔德斯密斯1730~1774

① poems:

旅游人

荒村 ② novel:

威克菲尔德牧师传?

7. Richard Brinsley Sheridan理查德?布林斯利?施莱登1751~1816

① 情敌?

② 造谣学校

8. William Blake威廉?布莱克1757~1827

① 天真之歌

A happy and innocent world from children?s eye.

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