初中英语语法知识精讲精练

［析］ 英语中的穿衣服要分状态，是什么样的穿着打扮，还是穿衣服的动作两类动词。表示穿着状态的词有have on, wear,在用法上have on不宜用进行时态，它多用一般时态，如：She has on a new school dress. 而wear则多用进行时来表示状态，如：She is wearing a new sweater.在表示动作的词中put on是常用的一词。dress用作动词当\穿衣\讲时其后宾语不应接衣物，而要接人，如：My children were very young they couldn't dress themselves.在表示穿着状态时用其过去分词当形容词，如：He is dressed in white.

［误］ My computer can't begin. Could you find someone to help me ［正］ My computer can't start. Could you find someone to help me

［析］ begin与start均可指\开始\，而且常常可以互换，如：School begins (starts) at 8 a. m. 但是在两种情况下不宜用begin 而要用start, ① 当作机器开动、发动讲，如：My car can't start. There must be something wrong with it.② 作为\旅途开始\讲，如：We should have to start early. There was a lot of traffic on the road.

［误］ I'm very glad because I have founded my lost key. ［正］ I'm very glad because I have found my lost key.

［析］ find是不规则动词，它的过去式和过去分词是found, found，而found又是另外一词\建立\，它是规则动词，其过去式与过去分词是founded founded, 如：The People's Republic of China was founded in 1949. ［误］ Please. Let's speak in English. ［正］ Please. Let's speak English. ［正］ Please. Let's talk in English. ［误］ Can you speak it English? ［正］ Can you say it in English?

［析］ 英文中\说\有4个常用词say, tell, speak, talk.其中不及物动词有speak和talk，如：I want to talk with you. We are talking about the new film.而speak其后接语言时是及物动词，其他情况是不及物动词。say 与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用双宾语，如：Tell us a story.但用于讲实话或谎话时也用单宾语。如： Tell the truth.

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［误］ Can you say Japanese from Chinese? ［正］ Can you tell Japanese from Chinese?

［析］ tell…from为固定词组，即分辨两者的不同。 ［误］ Excuse me, did I step on your foot? ［正］ Oh, sorry, did I step on your foot?

［析］ excuse me用于未打扰对方前，以提醒对方注意的用语，而sorry则是由于自己已做的事向对方道歉。

［误］ Would you care for to swim with us? ［正］ Would you care to swim with us?

［析］ care for 后接不定式时，要省略for,或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea. care for 作\照顾\讲时与look after相同。在初中阶段学习与for有关的词组有：

ask for 请求 call for 接人，请人 care for 关心? go in for 从事 answer for 负责 look for 寻找 wait for 等待 send for 请人 pay for 付款? search for 寻找 leave for 去某地 prepare for 准备? thank somebody for something 为某事向某人道谢。 ［误］ Are you understanding it? Yes, I got to it. ［正］ Do you understand it? Yes, I got it.

［析］ understand这一词没有进行时态，如同感观动词love、hate… I got it 是美语，即I understood it。要记住get 作为\到达\讲时是不及物动词，如：I'll get to the school at 8 a. m. 初中范围常用与to有关的动词词组如下： belong to 属于 come to 苏醒 point to (at) 指着get to 到达 refer to 谈到 stick to 坚持?lead to 导致 turn to 翻到 look forward to 期望?agree to 同意 ［误］ The meat has gone badly.

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［正］ The meat has gone bad.

［析］ 英语中go, get, become, turn作为转变时，其后接形容词，这时这些动词应被看作系动词。

［误］ The teacher said the earth moved around the sun. ［正］ The teacher said the earth moves around the sun.

［析］ 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时，其宾语从句可以是任何时态。如果是过去时，则宾语从句中的时态应与之呼应。但地球围绕太阳转是不随时间而变化的客观事实，所以还应用一般现在时态来表达。 ［误］ I'll come to see you as soon as I'll be back. ［正］ I'll come to see you as soon as I am back.

［析］ 在状语从句中要用一般时来表示将来，如：I should tell him when he came back.

［误］ I want to know whether you come to my party tomorrow or not. ［正］ I want to know whether you will come to my party tomorrow or not. ［析］ 在宾语从句中则要用将来时表示将来的动作。要注意的是如果宾语从句中仍有状语从句时，依然要用一般现在时表示将来，如：I want to know if it rains tomorrow you'll come here or not.

［误］ What did you do at eight last night? ［正］ What were you doing at eight last night?

［析］ 在描述过去某一具体时刻的动作或从某时到某时一段时间内正在进行的动作要用过去进行时，如：I was washing clothes from eight till noon last Sunday?

［误］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them, because I have seen it before.

［正］ My classmates came to see a film yesterday. I didn't go with them because I had seen it before.

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［析］ 现在完成时与过去完成时的相同之处是其动作均开始于过去的某一点，它的差别在于该动作是截止到什么时候。如动作截止到现在用现在完成时；如动作截止到过去，用过去完成时。例如：I've learnt English for three years.(到现在为止)又如：Before I went to college, I had learnt English for three years. (动作截止到上大学那时，即截止于过去) ［误］ I'm feeling well now. ［正］ I feel well now.

［析］ 瞬间动词有些无进行时态，它们是：?表示思维状态的词：believe, feel, forget, imagine, know, mean, need, prefer, remember, understand, want? 表示感情的动词：care, like, do like, love, mind, hate, fear? 表示状态的词：belong, own? 感观动词： feel, hear, see， smell, taste ［误］ When have you done this work? ［正］ When did you do this work?

［析］ when提问的是一个时间点不可用于完成时态的问句中。

［误］ This is our new English teacher. He has gone to many foreign countries. ［正］ This is our new English teacher. He has been to many foreign countries. ［析］ have gone to 是到某地去了，此人现在不在这里。have been to 是到过某地，现在此人在说话现场。

［误］ I have borrowed this book for two weeks. ［正］ I have kept this book for two weeks.

［析］ 截止性动词有完成时态，但不可和与表达一段时间的时间状语连用。如：When I got to the cinema the film had begun.? 但要讲When I got to the cinema the film had be on for five minutes 这样的用法还有buy, join, die, 如：I bought this book yesterday.我昨天买的这本书。? I have had this book for two days. 这本书我已买了两天了。

I joined the club two years ago.两年前我加入了这个俱乐部。 I have been in this club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部已两年了。

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