浅析人机工程学在儿童座椅中的应用+王清超

武昌工学院毕业论文（设计）专用稿纸

摘 要

近年来，国内科学技术高速发展，在经济、人才、市场等方面竞争也与日俱增，而孩子做为家庭未来的希望，是每个家长都重点的关注对象，所以导致家长对孩子的要求越来越高、对孩子的教育问题、健康发育都极为的关注，想把孩子培养的更好、更加的优秀。

本文从人机工程学方面着手研究，分析儿童的不同年龄时段的身体特征，以及不同坐姿对儿童身体健康的影响。在材料、结构和色彩上，也进行调研发掘儿童的喜好，从而创新出既促进孩子健康的坐姿，茁壮成长，也符合孩子自己喜好的儿童座椅。

本文在人际工程学的角度集中阐述，由浅入深讲述儿童座椅在设计中的尺寸、结构、色彩、娱乐性等方面的重要意义。

本文创新主要体现在，从人体坐姿生理学、座椅结果和材料选择的角度出发，分析座椅对于儿童身体的影响，同时结合现有的一些新式座椅，发挥想象力设计出更加健康舒适的儿童座椅，让人们更加了解座椅对儿童健康的影响。

关键词：儿童座椅、人机工程学、材料色彩、造型设计

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武昌工学院毕业论文（设计）专用稿纸

Abstract

In recent years, with the rapid development of economy, the competition in the economy, personnel, marketing and other aspects of also becoming stronger while the child was hope for the future, every family key protection object, so that parents of children have become increasingly demanding, in children's education and healthy development are extremely concerned, and tried to put the children to develop better and more excellent.

In this paper, from the aspects of human computer engineering research, analysis of children's physical characteristics at different times, as well as the effect of different sitting posture on children's physical health. In colors and materials, were also research to explore children's preferences, thus creating a can not only promote the health of children sitting, healthy growth, is also in line with the children on their own preferences of the child seat.

In this paper, in the perspective of social engineering focuses on, easy to digest about child seat in the design of size, height, color, entertainment and other aspects of significance.

The innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in, the sitting posture of human body physiology and material selection point of view of analysis of seat effects on the body of a child, combined with some of the existing new seats, play imagination to design a more healthy and comfortable child seat, to let people know more about the seat to influence children's health.

Key words: Child seat、human engineering、Material color、 Shape design

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武昌工学院毕业论文（设计）专用稿纸

目 录

引 论 ····················································································· 1 一、人机工程学在儿童座椅中的意义 ················································ 1

（一）国内外人际工程学发展史 ···································································· 1 （二）人机工程学在儿童座椅中的应用价值 ····················································· 2

二、 人机工程学在儿童座椅设计中相关因素分析 ································· 2

（一）何谓人机工程学？ ············································································· 2 （二）国内儿童生理分析 ············································································· 3 （三）人机工程学对儿童座椅设计中的材料要素的影响 ······································ 3 （四）人机工程学对儿童座椅设计中的结构因素的影响 ······································ 3

三、 人机工程学在儿童座椅中的体现 ················································ 5

（一）国内现有儿童座椅人机特点分析 ··························································· 5 （二）木质儿童座椅的优点分析 ···································································· 7 （三）儿童座椅的尺寸要求 ·········································································· 9 （四）儿童座椅设计定位及方案 ·································································· 10

结 语 ······················································································· 12 主要参考文献 ·············································································· 13

引 论

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武昌工学院毕业论文（设计）专用稿纸

运用人机工程学原理，结合儿童不同年龄时段对座椅尺寸的需求，进行坐姿行为分析。探讨坐姿理论知识，认识坐姿变化对儿童学习、健康上的重要影响，从而提出座椅设计的基本原则，以及座椅设计中重要参数的参考数据。根据严谨的科学依据，对优秀座椅设计范例进行了研究解析,并说明其各自特色,从而进一步验证人机工程学在儿童座椅设计中的重要意义，来设计出一款既有创新，又规范健康坐姿的的儿童座椅。

一、人机工程学在儿童座椅中的意义

（一）国内外人机工程学发展史

早期历史（1945—1960年）人机工程职业的诞生

1961年在瑞典斯德哥尔摩举行首次国际人机工程会议。

1982年在日本东京举行第八次国际人机工程会议，中国第一次派人参加。 1975年成立了国际人机工程标准委员会（TC—159）。 1981年国内相应成立中国人类工效学标准技术委员会。 1989年成立《中国人工效学学会》。

1991年1月成为《国际人类工效学协会》正式成员。

图1 国外人机工程起源

在国内人机工程学起源较晚，兴起于20世80年代末①，在1998年开始形成了一定的规模，到了2001年人机工程学才在中国形成独立的门类，再2003年前后发展壮大。

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图片来源：http://www.sojump.com/report/3367681.aspx

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