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8BU1 Grammar语言点

一．现在完成时的主要用法

（一）表示动作开始于过去并持续到现在,常与since, for, recently, so far, since…ago, over/in/ during the past years等连用。

（二）. 表示动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响或结果,常与already, yet, just, ever, never, before连用。 （三）. 表示动作直到现在有多少次了. 常与once, twice, many times, how many times连用 二．现在完成时的基本句型

①陈述句肯定形式。 主语+ have/has+ 过去分词+其它

I have had lunch. 已经吃过午饭了。 He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。 ②陈述句否定形式。主语+ have/has+ not+过去分词+…（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为haven’t/hasn’t） I haven’t had lunch. 我还没吃午饭 He hasn’t gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。

③一般疑问句形式及其答语。 Have/Has+主语＋过去分词＋…? （将助动词have/has提前，句末加问号） 肯定回答：Yes , 主语＋ have/has. 否定回答：No , 主语＋ haven’t/hasn’t. －Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了吗？ －Yes, he has ./ No, he hasn’t. ④特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句） 特词+ have/has+主语＋过去分词＋…？ Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？

练习： 1.They have finished their homework. (改为一般疑问句，并做肯定回答) 2.Mr. and Mrs. Li have come back.(改为否定句)

3.John has played this computer game a few times.(改为否定句) 4.We have seen that film. (改为一般疑问句，并做否定回答)

5.Mr. Dong has repaired over ten bikes since last Monday. (改为否定句) 三．过去分词的构成

规则变化 1、直接加 –ed looked watched 2、以不发音的e结尾的，加 –d changed moved 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的，变y为i，加-ed studied carried

4、重读闭音节，一元加一辅，双写辅音字母，加-ed planned dropped stopped 不规则变化 见课本第122-123页。 四．与现在完成时连用的副词

1. already 已经，常用于肯定句中。 I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。 2. yet 1) 已经，常用在疑问句中。 Has Linda read the book yet? 琳达已看过这本书了吗? 2) 还，仍然，常用于否定句和疑问句。 He has not begun to work yet. 他还未开始工作。

3. ever 曾经，主要用于疑问句 Have you ever wanted to travel around the world?你曾经想要周游世界吗？ 4. never 从来没有，表示否定 He has never seen such a tall building. 他从未见过这么高的楼。 5. just 刚刚，常用于肯定句中 I have just finished lunch. 我刚吃过午饭。 6. recently 不久前，最近(=in recent years/ days)

I haven’t seen them recently. 我近来没见过他们。 Have you used it recently? 你最近用过它么？

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8BU1 Ex

翻译 1) 你已经收到你爸爸的来信了吗？

2) 我已经很长时间没有看见我姑姑了。

3) Simon曾经去过几次中国?

4) 她刚刚写好两篇文章。

5) 他们已经去电影院了。

6) Smith夫妇还没有回来。

7) 自从上午9点你就在等他吗？

8) 人们自从1998年开始使用这个新机场。

用正确时态填空

1. Hurry up! Lunch ________already _________(begin). 2.________ he ever _________(ride) a bike?

3.Liming ________(hurt) his arm last week. He ________ already ________(stay) in bed for five days. 4.Yesterday, she ________(buy) one book in the bookshop. She ___________ (not read) it since then. 5.I ________already _________(lose) my pen. I _________(buy) it two days ago. 6.He ___________ (wait) for an hour. 7.I ________________ (not finish) the work yet.

8.___________ you ________ (know) him since then? 9.We ___________ (be) there many times in the past 3 years. 10. How long ________ you__________ (stay) at home already? 11.He ___________ (not read) the book before. 12. I ___________ (hear) from my brother recently.

13.Her sister _________ (go) to Changchun. She______ (leave) this morning. 14.He ___________ (live) in his hometown since he left here.

15.The writer ______________ (finish) several story- books since 1990.

单项选择： 1.— _______ you ever _______ with a group? — Yes, I have.

A. Did, study B. Are, studying C. Were, studying D. Have, studied 2. — Lucy, _____ you ____ your ticket? — Not yet.

A. did; find B. have; found C. has; found D. do; find

3. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. (2011天津) A. sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen

4. My aunt is a writer. She ______ more than ten books since 1980. (2011北京) A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write

5. — Why won’t you go to the movie with me, Gina? — Because I ______ it twice. (2011襄阳)

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A. see B. have seen C. saw D. will see

6. — China develops so fast. — That’s true. It ______ a lot already. (2011安徽芜湖) A. changes B. changed C. will change D. has changed

7. — I’d like to introduce my best friend to you, Peter. — Thank you, Lucy. But we _____ already. (2012河南) A. meet B. met C. will meet D. have met

8. Since 2000, Jingmen has become a new city. Everything ______. (2013湖北荆州) A. is changed B. was changed C. had changed D. has changed

9. Julia isn’t going to the cinema with us because she ______ the film. (2013浙江湖州) A. sees B. saw C. will see D. has seen

10. — Look at these stamps. I _______ them for five years. — Wow, they are wonderful.(2013湖南衡阳) A. kept B. have kept C. have bought II. Fill in the blanks.

1. I ________________ (have) dinner. I am full. 2. We _________________ (read) this story.

3. They _________________ (see) the movie. 4. She _________________ (buy) some nice toys.

5. Hurry up! Lunch _________ already ___________ (begin). 6. We ________________ (wash) our clothes. They’re clean now. 7. __________ he ever ___________ (ride) a bike? III. 将下列句子改为否定句或疑问句。

1. I’ve already had dinner. (否)I ________ _____ dinner _____.

2. He has just finished his homework. (否)He ______ _______ his homework ___. 3. Mum has cooked the dinner. (否)Mum _______ _______ the dinner. 4. I have done my homework. (疑)_____ you done your homework ___? 5. I have ridden a horse. (疑)_____ you _____ ridden a horse? IV. 翻译 1. 你已经制作好生日贺卡了吗？

2. 我已经吃过早饭了，现在一点也不饿。

3. — 你这周日准备做什么？— 还没决定。

4.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

5. — 你读过《哈利·波特》这本书么？

— 是的，我已经读过好多遍了。

练习：

一．用现在完成时态完成下面的句子：

1 I __________________ (do) my homework already.

2 He ___________________ (not finish) his homework yet. 3 ___________ you ever __________(be) to Beijing?

4 We ____________ never ___________ (see) such an exciting match before.

5 Mother ____________ just ____________(clean) the house. Please don’t come in.

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6 They ___________________ (practice) this dialogue twice. 二．选择相应的副词

1. Have you done your homework __________? (for, just, yet) 2. I have __________ been to Chengdu. (ever, never, yet) 3. He has __________ washed the dishes. (already, ever, for)

4. He has worked there ___________ he left school. (already, just, since) 5. Have you cleaned your room ___________? (for, just, yet) 6. She has known Sam ___________ nine years. (for, never, since) 7. Have you ____________ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet) 8. They have __________ arrived. (ever, just, yet)

9. We have not completed the project _______. (already, for, yet) 三．句型转换

1. He has just told the girl about this.（疑问句）

2. They have seen the film before.（否定句）

3. The Japanese girl has answered her sister’s letter.（画线部分提问）

4. He’s never been to Hong Kong , ______ ______ ?（反意疑问句） 5. The students have copied these words twice. （画线部分提问）

四．用括号中动词的适当形式填空

1. It ___________________（rain）for a week.

2. I don’t know this woman. I _____________________(meet, never) her.

3. －Let’s go to the cinema. －No, I____________________ (see, already) the film. 4. We_______________________ (finish, not) our homework yet. Will you wait a minute? 5. John ___________________ (come, not) yet. He will be back in a minute.

6. Mr. Green often goes to America. In fact, he _____________________（be）there ten times. 7. Great changes _____________________ (take) place in my hometown in the past few years. 8. －Where’s John? －He__________ just __________（go）to the teachers’ office. 9. She _________________（study）English since she was ten.

She ________________（begin）to study English when she was ten.

10. Jim isn’t here. He __________________（go）to the library. He _______（go）there an hour ago. 11. They ____________________（travel, never）on a train.

12.Simon __________________ (finish) his homework a moment ago.

13.– What ______ he ______ (do) yesterday? -- He ______________ (see) a film.

14. We sometimes _________ (go) to work on the farm. Last week we ___________ (go) there and

_______________ (help) the farmers pick apples.

15.Sandy _____________ (read) the story about Harry Potter several times. 16. He ____________________ (wait) for an hour. 17. I ___________________ (not finish) the work yet.

18. ___________ you ___________ (know) him since then?

19. We __________________ (be) there many times in the past 3 years.

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