市营1201经贸英语翻译

加拿大人能够不喝酒,美国人能够不吃香蕉,则世界大部分将没有爵士乐和好莱坞电影

Sovereign nations. Trading across frontiers involves people and firm living in difference nations.

2、主权国家：交易跨领域涉及到的人和不同国家的企业生活, Each nation is a sovereign entity which regulates the flow of people, goods, and finance crossing its borders.

每个国家都是一个人口,商品和金融穿越边境流动规则的主权实体, This contrasts with domestic trade, where there is a single currency, trade and money flow freely within the borders, and people can migrate easily to seek new opportunities. 这是和国内市场的反差,其中有一个单一的货币,交易和钱在边境中自由流动,人们能够容易的移居来寻找新的机会,

Sometimes, political barriers to trade are erected when affected groups object to foreign trade and nations impose tariffs or quotas.

有时,贸易中政治上的障碍被正立,当它影响组织对于国外贸易和国家征收关税和配额的时候.

This practice, called protectionism, is analyzed in the next chapter.

这个实践,被叫做贸易保护主义,在下一章中被解释.

Exchange rates. Most nations have their own currencies. 3、汇率：大多数国家有它们自己的货币,

I want to pay for a Japanese car in dollars, while Toyota wants to be paid in Japanese yen.

我像用美元买一辆日本车,而日本丰田汽车公司想被用日元支付, The international financial system must ensure a smooth flow of dollars, yen, and other currencies or else risk a breakdown in trade.

国际金融体系必须保证美元,人民币,和其他货币的流动转换,或者贸易上的其他风险

P134-135（134页下半部分和135页上半部分） TRENDS IN FOREING TRADE 对外贸易的发展趋势

We begin by examining the patterns of international trade. 我们开始研究国际贸易的模式。

Figure 34-1 is a trade map,showing how the world would look if each country’s geographical size were proportional to its share of world trade.

图34-1是贸易地图，显示出如果每个国家的地理区域的大小是其在世界贸易中的份额比例这个世界会怎样看。

Notice how large the United States, Western Europe， and Japan loom， while tiny Hong Kong appears larger than India. 注意到大的美国、西欧和日本，而小香港似乎比印度大。

An economy that engages in international trade is called an open economy.

从事于国际贸易的经济被称为开放经济。

A useful measure of openness is the ratio of a country’s exports or imports to its GDP.

开放性的有用的措施是一个国家出口或进口到国内生产总值的比率。 Figure 34-2 shows the trend in the shares of imports and exports for the United States.

图34-2显示美国的进口和出口股的走势，

It shows the dip in the trade share during the trade wars of the 1930s,followed by the steady expansion of trade with lower trade barriers over the last three decades.

它表明了上世纪30年代的贸易战争期间，在30年代的最后3年美国在贸易中的份额下降，其次是贸易稳步扩大和贸易壁垒的降低。

Still, the United States is a relatively self-sufficient economy.

不过美国是一个相对自给自足的经济。

Many nations,particularly in Western Europe and East Asia, are highly open economies and export and import more than 50 percent of their GDP.

许多国家，尤其是西欧和东亚是高度开放的经济体，出口和进口超过其国内生产总值的50%

The degree of openness is much highly in many U.S. Industries, such as steel, textiles, consumer electronics, and autos, than it is for the U.S.economy as a whole.

在美国许多行业的开放程度，如钢铁、纺织、电子、汽车，比把美国经济看做一个经济整体的开放程度要高得多。

Table 34-1 on page 676 shows the commodity composition of U.S.foreign trade for 1996.

676页表34-1上显示美国1996年的对外贸易商品结构。

These data reveal that despite being an advanced industrial economy, the united states exports surprisingly large amounts of primary commodities (such as food)and imports large