施工组织设计外文文献翻译最新译文

time of various construction process of the construction sequence, and the mutual connection relationship of overall planning and arrangement, generally in the form of crossing graph or network graph to express, is the basis of all kinds of resource allocation plan, etc.

4 The implementation of the construction organization design

The compilation of construction organization design is only for the implementation of the proposed project provides a feasible scheme. How the plan detailed technical and economic effect, but also must through the implementation of the project to verify. The enforcement of the construction organization design, which will develop a plan of the static scheme, in a constantly changing dynamic construction environment, whether the inspection effect to the expected goal. So the construction organization design and implement of far-reaching significance for the realization of the project goals should do the following several aspects: 4.1 Clarification construction organization design

After the construction organization design has been verified, before formally started to make a detailed technical clarification step by step and fill in the \organization design disclosure form\Disclosure by clarification will, written disclosure forms, such as focus on the content of the construction organization design, requirements, difficulties and guarantee measures step by step to implement down, at the same time for all involved in the project construction under the guidance of related units in total control, to develop a more detailed work plan, ensure the implementation of the construction organization design. 4.2 Improve the system of enterprise management

Practice has proved that construction organization design can be implemented smoothly, to a large extent depends on the construction enterprise technology, management of quality and enterprise management level, establish and perfect the management system of the construction enterprises of various or not is the sign of enterprise quality and staff level. Only by construction enterprises to establish and perfect the reasonable management system and strictly enforced, to ensure the normal implementation of construction projects, ensure the smooth implementation of

construction organization design. 4.3 Establish strict appraisal system

Construction enterprises shall implement situation of the construction organization design into construction project assessment category, clear the responsibility of the personnel at all levels, set up technical and economic contract responsibility system, in the process of construction inspection on the implementation of construction organization design, construction technology, economic responsibility and material interests of the worker, such as the calculation technology progress prize, the time limit for a project in advance award, etc., to ensure that comprehensively implement the construction organization design. 4.4 To be prepared for construction

Construction preparation is important to ensure the smooth implementation of the construction organization design. In order to ensure the smooth construction of the engineering and the normal conduct of construction activities, not only before the start, and in the whole construction process is to do well the preparation of the corresponding human, material and financial resources, actively for the construction of the project is to create favorable conditions, the construction of the initiative, guarantee the construction systematically, thus ensuring the construction organization design be carried out in a timely manner, improve the construction enterprise economic benefits and social benefits. 译文

施工组织设计问题研究

Phillip Yetton

摘要

建筑工程施工是一项复杂的工作，建筑产品体积庞大，生产周期长，是一个集建筑艺术、建筑功能、建筑结构、装饰装修、供水供电、釆暖通风、智能系统为一身的综合体。完成一项工程需要多单位、多工种的协同配合，并且在实施过程中，还受到周围各种主客观条件的影响。为了在保障实现质量、成本、工期、安全等目标的前提下完成某项工程任务，必须根据建设单位的要求以及拟建工程

特点，在对各种原始资料进行充分调查的基础上，编制一份用于指导项目施工全过程的技术、经济和管理的综合性文件，这份文件就是施工组织设计。 关键词：施工；组织设计；项目成本 1 引言

施工组织设计是以施工项目为对象编制的，用以指导项目投标、签订施工合同、施工准备、施工安装直至竣工验收全过程的技术、经济和管理的综合性文件，是保证工程有效顺利实施的纲领性文件。施工组织设计编制的得当与否，会直接关系到拟建工程质量、成本、工期、安全等预定目标的顺利实现。随着时代的发展，现代工程项目的规模和要求越来越高，项目管理工作日趋复杂，对施工组织设计也提出了更高的要求。建筑施工组织设计，在投标文件中施工组织设计又称为技术标，但目前的施工组织设计不仅仅包含施工技术方面的内容，而且还涵盖有项目管理和投资控制方面的内容，是一个综合性的文件。施工组织设计在我国始用于计划经济年代，在几十年的运行历程中，对规范项目管理起到了至关重要的作用。目前，施工组织设计已成为工程投标和组织施工中必不可少的一个文件。但在施工组织设计的编制及执行过程中，由于缺乏专门的规范加以引导，不同地区、不同企业对施工组织设计的编制提出了不同的要求，再加上不同施工企业管理水平、技术装备以及人员素质的差异，导致施工组织设计的编制和管理水平参差不齐，目前还存在诸如编制内容程式化、通用化，执行过于随意等一系列问题，这些都严重影响着施工组织设计作用的正常发挥并且给施工企业跨地区的经营管理带来一定的困难。 2施工组织设计的应用与发展

1928年，前苏联在修建第聂伯河水电站的过程中，施工人员编制了第一份较为完备的施工组织设计，通过实施取得了显著的成效，随后组建了专门的研究机构进行施工组织设计的理论研究并逐步推广到项目管理实践中。20世纪40年代，美国将研制第一颗原子弹的任务作为一个项目来管理，命名为“曼哈顿计划”，但当时的项目管理仅注重计划与协调。20世纪50年代后期，美国出现了关键线路法(CPM)和计划评审法(PERT)等新技术，标志着项目管理已形成了一些科学的系统方法，但当时主要应用于国防业。将项目管理作为一门学科开展系统研究开始于20世纪60年代，以欧洲为主体的国际项目管理协会（IPMA)和美国项目管