矿井通风煤矿瓦斯利用中英文对照外文翻译文献

中英文对照外文翻译

Basins use methane to fuel boilers and several mines also use it for directly heating air for the mines’ ventilation systems and for coal drying (Serov, 1995; Saprykin et al., 1995).

2.2.1.2. Use in furnaces in the metallurgical industry. Another viable market for methane use is the metallurgical industry. For example, the city of Novokuznetsk, in the southern portion of the Kuznetsk Basin, contains numerous gassy mines and is one of the biggest centers of metallurgy in Russia. The region’s metallurgical industry consumes about 54 PJ of natural gas annually, which is equivalent to about 1.4×109 m3 of methane (USEPA, 1996b) .

2.2.1.3. Power generation at mine facilities. Most mines purchase electricity from the power grid. Co-firing coalbed methane with coal to generate electricity on-site may be a more economical option for these mines. Coalbed methane can be used, independently of or in conjunction with coal, to generate electricity using boilers, gas turbines and thermal combustion engines (USEPA, 1994b).

2.2.1.4. Use as a motor vehicle fuel. The Donetskugol Coal Production Association in Ukraine is draining methane in advance of mining using surface boreholes. The recovered methane is compressed on-site and used as fuel for the Association’s vehicle fleet. The refueling station, which has been operating for more than three years, produces about 1,000 m3 of compressed gas per day. Based on estimated gas reserves it is expected to operate for a total of eight years ( Pudak, 1995 ).

While many mines in the CIS are utilizing their methane resources,

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the majority are not. Certain barriers must be overcome before recovery and use of coal mine methane becomes widespread. These barriers and their potential solutions are discussed in greater detail in Section 3 of this paper. 2.3 The United States

There are five major coal producing regions in the United States from which hard coal is mined and which have the potential for coalbed methane development. They are: （1）the Appalachian Basin, located in Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, eastern Kentucky and Tennessee, （2） the Warrior Basin, located in Alabama, （3） the Illinois Basin, located in Illinois, Indiana and western Kentucky, （4）the Southwestern region, including the Uinta, Piceance, Green River and San Juan Basins located in Colorado, Utah and New Mexico and （5）the Western Interior region, including the Arkoma Basin of Oklahoma and Arkansas.

In 1994, an estimated 4.2×109 m3 of methane were liberated by underground mining in these regions, of which less than 0.7×109 m3 were used（USEPA, unpublished data）.

Currently in the United States, at least 17 mines in six states（ Alabama, Colorado,Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia and West Virginia）recover methane for profit, primarily through sale to gas distributors. In 1995, the total methane recovered from these mines, including vertical wells draining methane in advance of mining, exceeded 1×109 m3.By maximizing the amount of gas recovered via drainage systems, these mines have greatly reduced their ventilation

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costs, improved safety conditions for miners and have collected and sold large quantities of high-quality gas. Following is a brief description of selected coal mine methane recovery activities in the United States.

2.3.1 Warrior basin: Alabama

Six of the seventeen US mines with commercial methane recovery systems are located in the Warrior Basin of Alabama. Today, energy companies recover methane from the Warrior Basin by horizontal wells, gob wells（ in areas being mined ）and vertical wells（in both mined and unmined areas） . Most of this gas is sold to regional natural gas distributors, although there is some on-site mine use. In 1995, four mines operated by Jim Walter Resources produced more than 380×106 m3 of methane for pipeline sale and USX’s Oak Grove Mine recovered an estimated 117×106 m3 of methane for use. 2.3.2 Appalachian region

Eight mines in Virginia and West Virginia have developed successful methane recovery and use projects. The Consol mines in Virginia are the most well-documented examples. Consol produces gas from a combination of vertical wells that are hydraulically stimulated, horizontal boreholes and gob wells drilled over longwall panels. In 1995, Consol produced approximately 688×106 m3 of saleable methane from three mines. Methane recovery efficiency at these mines is higher than 60%.

2.3.3 Southwestern region

The Soldier Canyon Mine in Utah recovered about 10.9×106 m3 of

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methane for sale annually until early 1994, when production was curtailed and gas sales ended due to low market prices. 2.3.4 Summary

While methane recovery has been economically implemented at the above-described mines, safety and high coal productivity remain the impetus for their degasification efforts. Methane drainage at many gassy mines in the United States is limited or nonexistent. Section 3 of this paper discusses potential avenues for increasing methane recovery and use in the United States and other countries. 2.4 Germany

Germany produced nearly 54 million tons of hard coal in 1995, all from underground mines （Schiffer, 1995）. Of this total, 43 million tons were mined from the Ruhr Basin in northwestern Germany （Von Sperber et al., 1996） and most of the remainder was mined from the Saar Basin in southwestern Germany. Until recently, hard coal mining was heavily subsidized in Germany, and the industry’s future is in question （Schiffer, 1995） . Even mines that are closed, however, can continue to liberate methane for long periods of time. An estimated 1.8×109 m3 of methane are liberated annually from underground mining activities in Germany, of which 520×106 m3, or 30%, are drained（63 IEA, 1994）. About 371×106 m, or 71% of all drained methane is used, primarily for heating or power generation.

Government officials suggest that as much as 45% of the methane emitted from coal mining activities could be drained and used in a variety of applications. The primary barrier to increased methane

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