2021版北京高考英语一轮复习精讲精练附录三 概要写作(试题部分)

附录三 概要写作

真题示例

Writing 1(2019浙江6月)

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, “We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they’re building their children’s confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way that’s insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them.

Still,don’t go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. “We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting Without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. “One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.”

Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he’s out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report. But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的)to the amount of effort your child has put into it.

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1.本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了如何有效表扬孩子的问题。文章结构清楚,论点明确。

2.文章第一段指出过度的表扬不利于孩子的成长。第二段认为不表扬孩子也不好。第三段指出了表扬的核心:要关注过程而非结果。最后一段指出,我们要表扬孩子的努力,不必太过关注结果。

3.针对此类文章最好在概要中加入主旨句,先对文章的总体内容给予介绍。 One possible version:

How to praise our kids is really a sensitive problem.(主旨)Experts believe that too much praise or praising the kids in a wrong way may have opposite effects on children.(要点1) On the other hand, no praise also does harm to kids’ development.(要点2)To gain the best result, our praise should focus on the process rather

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than the end product.(要点3) Therefore,what we should praise is our kids’ proper effort, regardless of the result.(要点4)

Writing 2(2017浙江11月)

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus(校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.

There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!

If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit.

Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors(顾问), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com. While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案

One possible version:

It is a wise choice for you to pay a personal visit to the college you are applying to,especially the ones that are close to you.(要点1)In order to avoid being regretful, you should at least visit the college you decided to attend.(要点2)If all the above is not affordable, it will be helpful to search the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive where you can get the necessary information.(要点3)

模拟示例

Writing 1(2019浙江宁波二模)

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Nowadays, it is most probable that you have an electronic device loaded with hundreds or even thousands of your favourite songs. At any moment, you can fill your headphones with the sounds of a particular song that suits your mood at that exact time.

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Music is so common. But have you realized the power of it? Are you getting ready for a big soccer match or do you need to get excited? Maybe some hip hop with a strong beat will do the trick! Besides, you might be ready to study for a big exam the next day. To help you study better,a little bit of Mozart might make you remember things better.

We may all have been moved by particular songs that spoke to us in some situations. But is there any scientific evidence showing that music really has such an effect on people? Of course,there is! Scientists have long recognized the power of music. Over the years, many studies have been done to examine in greater depth the nature and extent of the effects music has on people.

Scientists at the University of Missouri have found that listening to music can have positive effects on your mood. Their research gives scientific credibility(可靠性) to the behavior that many people have already experienced on their own: listening to upbeat music can brighten your day and boost your mood.

Other studies have shown that upbeat music isn’t the only type of music that can be helpful,however. When people are sad or have suffered a sense of loss, sad music can be helpful because the tone and lyrics of the music can resonate (引起共鸣) with the listeners. Likewise,people under a lot of stress or experiencing upsetting situations can benefit from listening to angry music. Although angry music might not help you if you’re in a normal mood, its tone can benefit you when you are dealing with stressful and upsetting situations.

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本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了音乐对人们的益处。文章段落清楚,要点明确。概要写作时以自然段为基础概括。

One possible version:

Nowadays, with modern devices, music to your taste is easily accessible.(要点1) With its power, music might benefit you in many ways.(要点2) Scientists have researched into the nature and extent of music’s effects on humans.(要点3) Scientists at the University of Missouri have proven upbeat music can cheer you up.(要点4) Besides, sad music and angry music have also been found to be helpful.(要点5) Writing 2(2019浙江温州二模)

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

For many high school students, giving an in-class presentation is an approach to their growth. Teachers will call up students, one by one, to present their work in front of the class, and, though it is often tense, many people say it has helped turn them into more confident public speakers. Some educators also credit it with building leadership skills and increasing students’ confidence and understanding of materials.

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But in the past few years, students have started calling for an end to in-class presentations as they show discrimination against those with anxiety. This week, a tweet posted by a 15-year-old high school student declaring “Stop forcing students to present in front of the class and give them a choice not to” received more than 130,000 retweets and nearly half a million likes. In fact, being a high schooler nowadays is more stressful than ever. Students are burdened with extra hours of homework. They stay up every night till 1:00 a.m. finishing homework on their third Red Bull. Anxiety is increasing at a faster rate than depression (抑郁) as the leading mental-health issue affecting teenagers, a recent study in the Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics found.

These students want more options. They say that every student has unique strengths and that they should be allowed to present their work in ways that are different to those strengths. This might mean presenting alone in front of the teacher, or choosing between several alternatives like producing a piece of art or an essay for private judgment instead of presenting their work orally.

Educators have begun to take it seriously. They agree teachers should listen to students and hear their voices and respond. If students’ feelings are ignored, they might just walk away. However, not everyone is convinced. Some hold the view that pushing students out of comfort zones is a big part of what they should do as some students are deathly afraid to do it.

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本文为议论文。文章讨论了课堂展示是否有益的问题。概要以自然段为基础,注意摄取重点信息。 One possible version:

Giving an in-class presentation is generally considered an approach beneficial to students’ development.(要点1)However, in the past few years, students have started calling for an end to it due to the possible discrimination against those with anxiety, which puts great pressure on the students.(要点2)They say that every student has unique strengths and that they should be allowed to present their work in their ways.(要点3)Their idea has drawn educators’ serious attention.(要点4) Writing 3(2019浙江绍兴柯桥联考)

阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

As is known, if we are united no one can defeat us. But if we constantly have conflicts or misunderstandings, we may attract outsiders to have an advantage over us, which may ultimately result in our failure. Unity is the source of strength and people who are united have the capability to tackle any kind of situation as they share each other’s burdens and hardships.

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In olden days, man lived alone. He travelled and hunted all by himself, which sometimes gave opportunities to fierce animals to attack and kill him. Then he realized that if he joined hands with other hunters, he would be able to face some common danger and challenges. This is how villages got formed, which later got developed into towns and cities.

In the sports ground, be it cricket, football, baseball, basketball or any other kinds of sport, a united team and an appropriate strategy may result in the success of the team; but if there is a conflict or an unhealthy competition or unnecessary misunderstanding among the team members, they may invite the opponents to take advantage of their shortcomings and win the game. Likewise, if the members of a family stay together and support each other in every phase of life, no outsider can harm the family.

There was once an old man who lived in a village with his three sons. The sons always fought with each other and would not pay any attention to their father. The man fell sick and assumed that he would die soon; he was very worried about the idea that once he died, people would take advantage of his sons’ conflicts. He called all his sons and asked them to break a bundle of sticks, one by one. None of them could do it. He then untied the bundle and gave each stick to each one of them asking them to break it, which they could very easily accomplish. He then told his sons that they should stay like the bundle of sticks so that no one can break them, but if they keep on fighting, they will be broken by the outsiders easily. ———————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 答案 [写作提示]

本文是一篇议论文。文章认为,合作就能成功。注意把握要点,可以参考部分段落中的中心句。 One possible version:

It is well known that united we stand and divided we fall.(要点1)In ancient times, hunters made joint efforts to cope with danger and challenges, thus villages formed and later developed into towns and cities.(要点2)Surely, unity has a great significance in people’s lives—whether in the sports ground or in a family.(要点3)The dying man’s story of sticks also shows the importance of unity.(要点4)

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