2018版高考英语大一轮复习第2部分语法考点讲练第8节定语从句教师用书

他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。

(3)先行词被the only，the very，the last，the same，any，every，each，few，little，no，some等修饰时。

The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正喜欢的。

(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。

They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey.

他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (5)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal? 获得金牌的那个男孩是谁？

(6)句中有两个定语从句时，其中一个已经用关系代词which，另一个宜用that。 They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.

他们秘密地建了一座会产生污染物的小工厂。

2．关系词只用which而不用that的情况：(一句话口诀：介词后、逗号后不可用that) (1)引导非限制性定语从句时。

Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a Tshirt，which is a stupid thing to do in such weather.

特德周末来时只穿着短裤和一件T恤，这种天气穿这样是一件愚蠢的事情。 (2)当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词＋关系代词”结构时。

We live in an age in which more information is available with greater ease than ever before.

我们生活在一个比以前更容易获得更多信息的时代。 三、关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句的用法区别 1．位置不同

as引导的非限制性定语从句可放在主句之前或主句之后，也可在主句之间，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能置于主句之后。但两者均可指代整个主句的内容。

As is known to all，the sun rises in the east. 众所周知，太阳从东边升起。

After graduating from college，I took some time off to go traveling，which turned out to be a wise decision.

大学毕业以后，我抽出了一些时间去旅行，后来证明这是个明智的决定。

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2．语意不同

as引导的非限制性定语从句主要起承接上文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，意为“正如”，而which引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“这一点”。

There is no simple answer，as is often the case in science. 科学往往如此，它没有一个简单的答案。

Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others，which of course made all the others upset.

玛丽对杰克比她对其他人友好得多，这当然使得所有其他的人感到不快。 四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句

1．“介词＋关系代词”既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。先行词指物时，关系代词用which；先行词指人时，关系代词用whom。当介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不能省略。

①Care of the soul is a gradual process in which even the small details of life should be considered.

关爱灵魂是一个渐进的过程，在这个过程中，即使生活中的小细节也应考虑到。 ②He bought the car for more than $20，000，with which his father was angry. 他花2万多美元买了这辆车，他父亲对此很生气。 [注意]

在限制性定语从句中，介词位于定语从句的末尾，关系代词that/which/who/whom作介词的宾语时可以省略。“介词短语＋which”引导从句时，关系词一般不可省略。

This is the boy(that/whom/who) his parents are proud of. 这就是父母引以为豪的那个男孩。(关系词可以省略)

He is studying in the classroom now，in front of which stand two trees. 他正在那间教室里学习，教室前面有两棵树。(关系词不可省略) 2．“介词＋which＋名词”结构引导的定语从句

He may win the competition，in which case he is likely to get into the national team.

他可能会赢得这场比赛，如果这样的话他就可能进入国家队。

3．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors，most of which are beyond our control.

植物的生长速度受到很多因素的影响，其中大部分因素是我们无法控制的。(不定代词＋of＋which)

The settlement is home to nearly 1，000 people，many of whom left their village

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homes for a better life in the city.

这个居住点居住着将近1000人，他们当中的许多人为了获得更好的生活离开乡下的家来到这个城市。(不定代词＋of＋whom)

[注意]

“名词＋of which/whom”结构常可替换成“whose＋名词”。

The newlybuilt cafe，the walls of which(＝whose walls)are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work.

这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。

五、定语从句中的主谓一致

1．关系代词在句中作主语，从句谓语动词的单复数与先行词保持一致。

Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.

不好动且在饮食上脂肪摄取量高的孩子会快速地长胖。

2．先行词为“one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式：先行词为“the(only/very/right)one of＋复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式。

She is one of the staff who are qualified for the job.

她是能胜任这项工作的员工之一。(本句中先行词staff表复数意义，故定语从句中系动词用are)

She is the only one of the staff who is qualified for the job. 她是唯一一个能胜任这项工作的员工。

He is the only one of the students who is never late. 他是唯一一个从不迟到的学生。 考点二 关系副词 一、关系副词where的用法

1．where表地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on ...＋which”。 A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.

银行是在天晴之时借伞给你，到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。(限制性定语从句) Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，where it will keep for two or three weeks.

不管剩下什么食物，都可以放到冰箱里，在冰箱里食物可以保存两到三周不坏。(非限制性定语从句)

2．当先行词为situation，case，stage，point，activity，job，letter等抽象地

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点名词，且引导词在定语从句中作抽象地点状语时。常用关系副词where引导。

It's helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.

把孩子置于一个能使他们从不同的角度认识自己的环境对他们是有帮助的。

I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.

我已经到了应该为自己作决定的那个人生阶段了。

I don't want a job where I'm chained to a desk for eight hours a day. 我不想要一份每天被捆在办公桌前八小时的工作。 二、关系副词when与why的用法

1．when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/on/during ...＋which”结构。

Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，when/during which the audience can buy icecream.

在音乐会中间有个休息时间，在此期间观众可以购买冰淇淋。

2．why表原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词for＋which”结构。 Do you know the reason why/for which he didn't attend the meeting? 你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？ [注意]

非限制性定语从句中，常用for which表原因而不用why。

I had told them the reason，for which I didn't attend the meeting.我告诉了他们我没有去开会的原因。

三、way与time后的定语从句 1．先行词way后的定语从句

若引导词在从句中作主语、宾语或表语时，用关系代词which或that引导；若从句缺少方式状语，相当于“用这种方式/方法(＝in this way)”时，通常不用关系词，偶尔用that引导，在较正式的文体里才用in which来引导。

What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which (that/不填)he said it.

令我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。 2．先行词time后的定语从句

若time表示“时间”，引导词用关系副词when或in/during which；若time表示“次数”，引导词用关系代词that，且可省略。

This was at a time when/during which there were no radios，no telephones or

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no TV sets.

这是一个没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视的时期。 I could hardly remember how many times(that)I've failed. 我几乎记不清曾经失败过多少次了。

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