V-ing作定语和状语

V-ing作定语和状语

Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语

单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。

1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。

They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。

2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。

There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。

Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？ 3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。

①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。

②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。

Ⅱ. V-ing作状语

V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。V-ing作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语________，且分词必须和句中的主语是逻辑上的__________关系。 1. 作时间状语

_________________________, he jumped with joy.(hear) 当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。 2. 作结果状语

The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。

The song is sung all over the country, ________________________ song.( make) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。

3. 作伴随状语 与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。

He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。 _____________________, they went into the room .( talk) 他们有说有笑地走进房间。 4. 作原因状语

Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。

___________________, he didn?t go to school.(be) 由于生病，他没有上学。 注意：表示原因的V-ing 形式一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加 not . ______________________her address, , we couldn?t get in touch with her. ( know) 由于不知道她地址，我们无法和她联系。 5. 作让步状语

Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer.尽管这个小男孩很小，但是他懂得很多电脑知识。

_________________ here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. （live） 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 6. 作条件状语

Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。

_____________ahead, you will see a white house.( walk) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。 7. 作方式状语

____________________, we visited many places. (travel) 我们乘车游览了许多地方。

注意：

1.当v-ing所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用__________式：_________________ ①After he finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.

=___________________his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.他完成作业后冲出去打篮球。 ②After he closed the windows, he went out of the classroom.

=____________________the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。 2.当v-ing与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应该使用________式：_________.

The tall building ___________________ now is our new school.( build) 正在被修建的那栋大楼是我们的新学校。

3. V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______________。 ①Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. （ ） ②Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me. （ ）

Ⅲ. 连词+ V-ing

V-ing作状语时，相当于省略的状语从句。由when / while / after / before / if /though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成\连词+现在分词\的结构形式。

1.Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university. =______________________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. 2.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. =_____________________________, I came across an old friend of mine. 3.Unless I was invited, I wouldn?t go to the party.

=_____________________, I wouldn?t go to the party. 4.As I am a student, I must study hard.

= _________________a student, I must study hard.

Ⅳ. 独立主格结构

1.V-ing作状语时，V-ing的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持____________。当V-ing逻辑主语与句子的主语__________，而带有自己逻辑主语时，这样的结构叫______________结构。表示伴随，时间、原因、条件等。

①____________________________, they decided to put the meeting off.（absent）由于许多人都缺席了，他们决定取消这次会议。

②Many students________________________, I explained the story into details.( stand) 我详细地解释这个故事，周围站着许多学生。

③_______________________, we will pay a visit to the whole city. (permit) 时间允许的话，我们将参观整座城市。

④_________________________, we had to stay at home.( rain) 由于天下大雨，所以我们不得不呆在家里。

2.有些分词作状语时，其形式的选用不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有： generally / frankly/ strictly speaking 一般而言/坦率地说/ 严格地说 judging from /by 根据…来判断

taking …into consideration /considering考虑到…；鉴于… supposing / providing /provided that 如果 compared with 与…相比

①_________________________ , you ?d better have a rest .( Consider) 鉴于你的健康，你最好休息。

②_________________________ , he is from the south . (judge) 从他的口音判断，他来自于南方。

③_________________________, his answer is right . (speak) 一般来说，他的答案是对的。

Ⅴ.Practice：

1. It?s a pleasure to watch the face of a _______ baby.(sleep) 看着睡着的婴儿的脸是一件愉快的事。

2. _______________________, I still think she hasn't tried her best. (admit) 尽管承认她所说的话,但我仍然认为她没有尽到最大的努力。

3. That question ____________________________ was presented by the headmaster.( discuss) 正在被讨论的那个问题是校长提出来的。

4.________________ , you will succeed. (work) 努力工作，你就会成功。 5. _________________________on time, he was punished by the teacher.(finish) 由于没有按时完成作业，他被老师惩罚。

6.___________________your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.( check) 仔细检查你的作文，有些错误就能避免。

7.________________________now beside the park was designed by a group of young men.(build) 现在在公园旁边建的那家旅社是由一群年轻人设计的。

8.Her mother______________, she had to look after her at home.（be）她的妈妈病了，她不得不在家里照看她。

9.They lived in a room ______________________.(face) 他们住在一间面朝南的房间里。

10.It rained heavily in the south, causing serious flooding in several provinces.南方下了大雨，导致几个省发生了严重的洪水灾害。

11. ____________ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.(approach) 走近城市中心，我们看见一个高约10米的雕像。

12. With so much work__________________________, I almost break down. (fill) 心里有那么多的工作，我几乎崩溃了。

13.____________________________, she hurried to a policeman for help.发现车子被偷了，她匆忙向一个警察求助。

14.______________________________already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.( suffer) 这条河流已经遭受如此重的污染，现在要清理为时太晚。

15.The meeting _______________, we went to play football. (be) 会议一结束,我们就去踢足球去了。

16. ________________________, what shall we do? (suppose) 如果他不在家,我们怎么办?

17.__________________a magnet, Hollywood draws ambitious young people from all over the world. (function) 好莱坞如同一块磁石，吸引了世界各地一心成名的年轻人。

18._______________________ a lifestyle revolution, Internet use is threatened by hackers? repeated attacks of the computer systems of important organizations. (bring)

尽管因特网带来了生活方式的革命，黑客屡次入侵重要机关的电脑系统，使因特网受到了威胁。