【最新版】基于AT89C51单片机控制的智能化转速测量仪_毕业论文

摘 要

在工程实践中，经常会遇到各种需要测量转速的场合，测量转速的方法分为模拟式和数字式两种。模拟式采用测速发电机为检测元件，得到的信号是模拟量。数字式通常采用光电编码器，霍尔元件等为检测元件，得到的信号是脉冲信号。随着微型计算机的广泛应用，特别是高性能价格比的单片机的出现，转速测量普遍采用以单片机为核心的数字式测量方法。

本文便是运用AT89C51单片机控制的智能化转速测量仪。电机在运行过程中，需要对其进行监控，转速是一个必不可少的一个参数。本系统就是对电机转速进行测量，并可以和PC机进行通信，显示电机的转速，并观察电机运行的基本状况。

本设计主要用AT89C51作为控制核心，由霍尔传感器、LED数码显像管、NE555、L298N、运算放大器等构成。详细介绍了单片机的测量转速系统。充分发挥了单片机的性能。本文重点是测量速度并显示。

其优点硬件是电路简单，软件功能完善，测量速度快、精度高、控制系统可靠，性价比较高等特点。

关键字：MSC-51（单片机）；转速检测；传感器。

Abstract

In the project practice, we will meet each kind to need frequently to survey the rotational speed the situation, the survey rotational speed method divides into the simulation type and the digital two kinds. The simulation type uses measured that the fast generator is the detecting element, obtains the signal simulates the quantity. Digital usually uses the electro-optical encoder, the Hall part and so on is the detecting element, obtains the signal is the signal impulse. Along with microcomputer's widespread application, specially high performance price compared to monolithic integrated circuit's appearance, the tachometric survey uses generally take the monolithic integrated circuit as the core digital measuring technique I graduated from the Design of the issue is control of the intelligent use of SCM speed measuring instrument. The system is the motor speed measurement, and PC and can communicate that the motor speed, and to observe the motor running the basic situation.

The main design AT89C51 control as the core, by the Hall sensor, LED digital CRT, NE555, and L298. Detailed measurements of the speed of the SCM system. Give full play to the performance of the SCM. This paper is to measure the speed and displayed in four LED digital pipe.

The advantage of a simple hardware and software capabilities improve, measuring speed, high precision and control system reliable, cost-effective and so on.

Keyword：MSC-51(One-chip computer)；Speed Detection；Tachometer

目录

第1章 绪 论 ....................................................................................................... 4

1.1 课题研究的开发背景 ........................................................................................ 4

1.2 课题设计的意义 ................................................................................................ 3 1.3 设计内容和要求 ................................................................................................ 4

第2章 系统设计 ................................................................................................. 4

2.1控制器设计 ......................................................................................................... 4 2.2测转速传感器的设计 ......................................................................................... 5 2.3电机驱动调速模块的设计： ............................................................................. 6 2.4A/D转换模块的设计： ...................................................................................... 6 2.5显示模块设计 ..................................................................................................... 7 2.6系统设计综述 ..................................................................................................... 7

第3章 系统硬件设计 ....................................................................................... 7

3.1系统主要硬件简介 ............................................................................................. 7

3.1.1 AT89C51单片机简介 ............................................................................. 7 3.1.2设计系统中所用其他芯片简介 ............................................................ 15 3.1.3光电传感器简介 .................................................................................... 18 3.1.4 TLC2543介绍 ....................................................................................... 19 3.2电机驱动电路设计 ........................................................................................... 21

3.2.1 L298N的介绍 ........................................................................................ 21

第4章 系统软件设计及调试 ....................................................................... 23

4.1测速系统设计 ................................................................................................... 23

4.1.1测速程序设计 ........................................................................................ 25 4.1.2 A/D转换程序设计 ................................................................................. 26 4.1.3电机驱动程序设计 ................................................................................ 28 4.1.4键盘程序的设计 .................................................................................... 28 4.1.5显示程序的设计 .................................................................................... 29 4.2统测试结论 ....................................................................................................... 30 4.3 系统调试 .......................................................................................................... 30

4.3.1 硬件调试 ............................................................................................... 30 4.3.2 软件调试 ............................................................................................... 31 4.3.3 综合调试 ............................................................................................... 33 4.3.4 故障分析与解决方案 ........................................................................... 34

第5章 总结与展望 .......................................................................................... 35

5.1设计总结 ........................................................................................................... 35 5.2 展望 .................................................................................................................. 36 参考文献 ................................................................................................................. 37 致 谢 ..................................................................................................................... 37 附录： ..................................................................................................................... 41 1.外文资料译文 ...................................................................................................... 41 2.外文资料原文 ...................................................................................................... 48

第1章 绪 论

1.1 课题研究的开发背景

单片机是一种集成电路芯片。它采用超大规模技术将具有数据处理能力的微处理器(CPU)、存储器（含程序存储器ROM和数据存储器RAM）、输入、输出接口电路(I/O接口)集成在同一块芯片上，构成一个即小巧又很完善的计算机硬件系统，在单片机程序的控制下能准确、迅速、高效地完成程序设计者事先规定的任务。所以说，一片单片机芯片就具有了组成计算机的全部功能。

由此来看，单片机有着一般微处理器（CPU）芯片所不具备的功能，它可单独地完成现代工业控制所要求的智能化控制功能，这是单片机最大的特征。

然而单片机又不同于单板机（一种将微处理器芯片、存储器芯片、输入输出接口芯片安装在同一块印制电路板上的微型计算机），单片机芯片在没有开发前，它只是具备功能极强的超大规模集成电路，如果对它进行应用开发，它便是一个小型的微型计算机控制系统，但它与单板机或个人电脑(PC机)有着本质的区别。

单片机的应用属于芯片级应用，需要用户（单片机学习者与使用者）了