高考英语大二轮复习 阅读理解 第一节 细节理解题 二 间接信息题学案 新人教版

A．Whichanimalshaveblack-and-whitecolor. B．Howsomeanimalsprotectthemselvesfromharm. C．Whysomanyanimalswearblack-and-whitecoats. D．Whatsciencehasdiscoveredaboutdifferentcolors. 答案 C 解

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“Spendsometimeexploringwhatsciencehasdiscoveredabouttheseanimals’appearances，andyouwillseethatbasicblackandwhiteisn’tsobasicafterall.”可知，作者想和大家一起分享科学家们对这些动物外观的研究成果，让大家明白黑白色并不是那么简单的，也就是说让大家知道为什么那么多动物只是黑白色。故选C项。

B

(2019·湖南长沙雅礼中学模拟)

SallyDawlyisawomanfromAuburn，California.Overthelastthreeandahalfyears，theanti-litteringwomanhasspentmostofherfreetimepickingupcigarettebutts(烟头) fromthestreetsofherhomecity.

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Calledthe“ButtLady”byherlocalcommunity，

DawlybeganhermissiontoridthestreetsofhercityofcigarettebuttsinOctober,2014.Thewomanlookedforcigarettebutts

pickedthemupandthrewtheminthetrash.TokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksuptheButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet(

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andearlierthismonth

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shehitahistoricmilestone—onemillioncigarettebutts.

“Igottiredofgoingonmywalksandseeingcigarettebuttseverywhere，”SallyDawlysaid.“I’mjustshockedthatIhadtopickupsomany.I’veeverpickedup3,000buttsinoneday，”shesaid.“Don’tthrowawayyourbutts；betteryet，stopsmoking.”

Withsomanycigarettebuttslitteringthestreets

canoneperson’seffortsreallymakeadifference?Surprisingly

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，，

theanswerseemstobeyes.SoonaftertheButtLadyofAuburnstartedhermissionandwordofhereffortsspread

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cigarettecansstartedappearingaroundbarsandrestaurantsinthecity.Membersofthelocalcommunityevencameouttocheerheronassheapproachedherone-million-buttmilestone.

Sallyknowshercity’scigarettebuttlitteringproblemwon’tbesolvedanytimesoon，butshehopesherworkwillinspirepeopletoatleastthinktwicebeforedroppingcigarettebut

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tsinthestreets.Shehasdecidedtocontinuecleaningupafterirresponsiblesmokersandalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts.

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，

WordoftheButtLady’seffortstokeepthestreetscigarettebutt-freehasreachedneig

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hboringcommunitiesaswell

andCBSSacramentoreportsthatothercitieshavestartedseekingherhelpaswell.

语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。众所周知，吸烟有害健康，让人更加烦恼的是随处可见的烟头。在美国加利福尼亚有这样一位“烟头女士”，她利用业余时间捡烟头，而且最近捡到了第100万个烟头！ 4．WhydoesSallyDawlycarryaniPadwithherwhilepickingupthebutts? A．Toentertainthecrowds. B．Tomonitorthesmokers. C．Toattractpeople’sattention. D．Torecordthenumberofbutts. 答案 D

解析 细节理解题。由第二段第三句中的“Tokeepacountofhowmanybuttsshepicksup，theButtLadyhasbeenusingatablet(平板电脑)．..”可知，为了记录自己捡到的烟头数量，“烟头女士”带了平板电脑。keepacountof对应D选项中的record，同义词转化。故选D。 5．HowdidSallyDawlyfeelwhenpickingupcigarettebutts? A．Excitedbutupset. B．Shockedandsorry. C．Frightenedbutcontent. D．Astonishedanddesperate. 答案 B

解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，莎莉很厌烦看到这么多烟头，她对捡了这么多的烟头感到震惊，并且劝告大家最好不要吸烟。因此她的感受是“震惊和难过的”。故选B。 6．Fromthetext，whatcanbelearnedaboutSallyDawly? A．Shepicksupnearly3,000cigarettebuttseveryday. B．ShewillworkinothercitiesinCaliforniainthefuture. C．Shehassetanewgoalofpickinguptwomillioncigarettebutts. D．Shepickeduponemillioncigarettebuttswithmembersofhercommunity. 答案 C 解

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“...andalreadyhasanewmilestoneinhersights—twomillioncigarettebutts.”

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“hasanewmilestoneinhersights”对应C选项中的“hassetanewgoal”，属于同义转换。故选C。

7．Whatisthetextmainlyabout? A．California’s“ButtLady”． B．Fightingagainstsmoking. C．Californianshealthproblems. D．SmokingproblemsinCalifornia. 答案 A

解析 主旨大意题。本文讲了来自加利福尼亚州的一位女士利用业余时间捡烟头，并且获得了“烟头女士”的称号的故事。故选A。

Ⅰ.障碍词汇突破

(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思 1

．

Thesimilaritiesthetwofilmssharedwerestriking

，

whicheasilycaughttheattentionoftheaudience.adj.显著的；引人注目的

2．Livinginthecitywillputyouintouchwithpeoplefromdiversecultures.adj.多种多样的 3

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Generally

，

SingaporeanscelebrateNewYear’sDayonJan.1together

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andthenpeopleofeachracecelebratetheirownnewyearseparately.adv.分别地

4．Ittaughtusthatcompromisewassometimesnecessaryandteamspiritwasamustifwewantedtodosomethingtogether.n.妥协，折衷

5．Hisfather’sadviceandhisattitudemadeabigdifferencetohislifepath.有重大影响 (二) 同义词语替换

6．MusicianandamateurastronomerWilliamHerschelwaslookingthroughatelescopeinhisgardeninBath，UKwhenhespottedaninterestingobject.noticed/found

7．Althoughhorsesdonotgenerallymindthecold，weshouldprotectthemfromrainandwind.

shelter

(三)一词多义

8.coverv．覆盖；够付(费用)；走完(一段路)；涉及；报道；掩饰n．书皮 (1)Heiscarryingoutaresearchthatcoversawidefield.v.涉及 (2)Thecloudshavespreadandnearlycoveredtheentiresky.v.覆盖 (3)Don’tjudgeabookbyitscover.n.书皮

(4)Themoneyshouldcoverallyourexpenses.v.够付(费用)

(5)Hewassenttocovertheevent，whichcausedaheateddebateamongthepublic.v.报道 (6)Bysunsetwehadcoveredthirtymiles.v．走完(一段路)

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(7)InSoutheastAsiancultures，asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.v.掩饰 9．wordn．单词，字；消息；诺言(不可数)

(1)Whenwordcamethattherewasn’tgoingtobeanyshow，thecrowdbrokeupinahubbub(喧闹)．n.消息

(2)RachelhasalreadyknownasmanywordsinGermanasshedoesinEnglish.n.单词，字 (3)Youcankeepyourwordeventhoughthismaynotalwaysbeeasytodo.n.诺言 Ⅱ.长难句理解

10．Inbrightsun，thebuck’swhitestomachreducestheeffectoftheshadowcastbyhisback，allowinghimtoappearonecolorandtwodimensional—especiallyhidingfromnaturalenemiesinhisownshadow.

[句式分析] 本句主干为简单句，属于主谓宾结构，主干的主语是thebuck’swhitestomach，谓语是reduces，宾语是theeffect。allowing为v.-ing作结果状语，表自然而然的结果。一定要注意破折号，它一般表示解释和说明。hiding和allowing并列作状语。

[精美译文] 在明亮的阳光下，雄鹿的白色肚皮减少了背部投射的影子，使它呈现出一种颜色和两个维度——尤其是它能在自己的影子下躲避天敌。 11

．

Calledthe“ButtLady”byherlocalcommunity

，

DawlybeganhermissiontoridthestreetsofhercityofcigarettebuttsinOctober,2014. [句式分析] 本句是简单句，主语是Dawly，谓语是began，宾语是hermission。called...是过去分词短语作状语，torid...是todo不定式作定语，修饰mission。rid作动词的用法是ridsb.ofsth.表示“使某人摆脱某物”。

[精美译文]被当地社区誉为“烟头女士”，多利于2014年10月开始她的任务：清除她所在城市的街道上的烟头。

强化练(十)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

(2019·山东临沂三模)

ScientistsinWesternAustraliaclaimtohavemadeanewdiscovery—theyhavefoundgoldintheleavesandtwigsoftrees.Theresearchersbelievethatthetreessuckupthegoldfromdeepunderground

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over30metresdown.Thediscoveryhasbeendescribedasthefirstofitskindintheworld.Australiangoldexplorationcompaniesarepleasedbecauseitwillmakefindinggoldcheaper.Ratherthandrillingdeepholestofindgold

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theyhavemorewaystoexaminetreeleavesandbranches.Thereisonlyatinyamountofgoldinthe

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