裕兴版新概念英语 第二册 第62课 lesson 62 详细笔记

2. A short time before, great trees had covered the countryside for miles around. a short time before 不久以前 =a short while before =not long before great trees 参天大树

great adj. 大的，伟大的(除了大还有“重要的”含义) eg. The Parthenon is a great(important) building.

帕台农神殿（希腊用以祭祀雅典娜女神的神庙） 是座重要的建筑。

big adj. 大的（一般用语，没有“重要的”含义） eg. Skyscrapers are big buildings. 摩天大楼是大型的建筑。 cover v. 覆盖，遮掩

eg. She covered her face with her hands. 她用手捂住脸。 eg. Dust covered his desk. 灰尘覆盖了他的桌面。 be covered with

eg. Our apple tree is covered with fruit. 我们的苹果树果实累累。

3. Now, smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills. rise up from 从??向上升起 rise to one’s feet 站起身来

rise from the table （吃完饭）离开餐桌 rise in the world 出头，发迹，飞黄腾达

rise to a height of 200 meters 上升到200米的高度 a rise in life 晋升，发迹，出头

the rise and fall of the Roman Empire 罗马帝国的兴衰

4. Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the surrounding villages with destruction, for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well. come on 开始，来临，用于指时间，季节等自然情况的出现。 eg. It came on to rain.（The rain came on） 雨季来临了。 [补充说明]

for 是并列连词，表示推断的原因，或对前一分句补充说明理由。 eg. It must be morning for the birds are singing. 一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫 for + 名词，因??理由，为了?? eg. She was angry with him for being late 她因为他迟到而生气

eg. He jumped for joy at the news.

听到这个消息他高兴地蹦了起来。

eg. I like him none the worse for such fault. 我不会因为他有这样的缺点而讨厌他。 since （既然）语气较弱，强调已知的事实：

eg. Since you can’t answer the question, I will ask someone else. 既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。

because 通常表示直接的原因。because 引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why 的问题，一般位于主句之后。 eg. We couldn’t go out because it was too cold. 因为天气太冷，我们不能外出

now that （既然）与since 相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。 eg. Now that you are busy, let me do it for you. 既然你很忙，就让我给你做吧。 as 意为“因为、由于”，语气比because 弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。 eg. As it was late, we came back soon.

由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来了。

区别：since 和now that 表示事物发展的自然结果，特别是当对方大概已经了解其原因的情况下使用，表示既成事实的原因，一般位于主句之前。

注意：for是并列连词，引出的原因较间接，似乎是事后所想到的补充解释的理由，只陈述一般推断的理由，不一定表示产生结果的必然原因，主要放在两个并列句之间，because 通常表示直接的原因。 wash away 冲走

由away 构成的动词短语： walk away 走开

hurry away 匆匆离开 look away 四处张望 take away 拿走 move away 离开 go away 走开 soil n. 土壤

eg. Oliver trees can grow in poor soil. 橄榄树在贫瘠的土壤上也能生长。 [扩展]

ground 土地，地面

eg. The ball fell to the ground. 球掉到地上了。

5. When the fire had at last been put out, the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly. which would grow quickly. （定语从句） order v.

1) 命令，吩咐，指令 order sb. to do sth.

eg. The chairman ordered silence.

主席要求安静下来。

eg. The doctor ordered me to stay in bed. 医生吩咐我卧床休息。 2）定购，预定（=book vt.）

eg. We don’t have the book in stock but we can order it. 这书我们没有存货，但是可以预定。 3）（在旅馆，饭店等）叫（饭菜，饮料等） eg. I’ve ordered a steak. 我要了一份牛排。

eg. I’ve ordered you egg and chips. 我给你要了鸡蛋和炸土豆条。

order sb. about/around 不断驱使 ??做??

order sb. off （体）罚??退场；勒令??退出比赛 order sb. out 下令出动（军警）（尤为平息暴乱等）

6. The seed was sprayed over the ground in huge quantities by aeroplanes. in huge/large quantities 大量

7. The planes had been planting seed for nearly a month when it began to rain. plant/sow seed 播种 go to seed/ run to seed （指植物）花谢结子；（喻）衰败；（能力，效力等）减弱 eg. He started to drink too much and gradually ran to seed. 他喝酒过多，身体逐渐衰弱了。

8. By then, however, in many places the grass had already taken root. 看到“by”经常用完成时态

9. In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.

which had been growing there for centuries定语从句，“一直生长着” in place of 代替 + n./ pron./ doing eg. Won’t you go in place of me? 你不愿意来代替我吗？ in one’s place 代替某人??

eg. Jane couldn’t go, so I attended the conference in her place. 简不能出席会议，我代替她去了。 in place 适当的，在适当的位置上 eg. I like to have everthing in place. 我喜欢样样事都能恰得其所。 out of place 不得其所

eg. Her dress was out of place at the ceremony. 他的衣服和这个仪式格格不入。 appear

eg. The ad. will appear in tomorrow’s paper. 这广告将出现在明天的报纸上。 eg. Her latest book will appear soon. 她的新书很快就会出版的。

【Key structure】

过去完成进行时：had been + v-ing表示过去某时以前一直在进行的一个动作。

eg. It had been raining for two days. The fields were all under water. 已经下了两天雨。田地都被水淹了。

eg. Nobody knew what this rascal had been doing all these years. 没有人知道这个流氓这几年一直在干什么。

eg. They put an end to the miserable life we had been living. 他们结束了我们苦难的生活。

eg. They said they had been having a friendly match with our school team. 他们说他们一直在和我们的队进行友谊比赛。 eg. I had been looking for it for days before I found it. 这个东西，我找了很多天才找着。（在这之前一直在找）

eg. They had only been waiting for the bus a few moments when it came. 他只等了不多一会，公共汽车就来了。

eg. The telephone had been ringing for three minutes before it was answered. 电话铃响了三分钟，才有人接。（接之前一直响了三分钟） eg. He was tired. He had been working all day. 他累了，他工作了一整天。 注意：

和过去完成时一样，过去完成进行时后也可接“突然”意义的从句（此从句用一般过去时。）

eg. I had only been reading a few minutes when he came in. 我刚看了几分钟书他就进来了。

eg. She had only been studying her lesson for 10 minutes when her little sister interrupted her. 她温习功课不过10分钟，她的小妹妹就把她打断了。

【Special Difficulties】（omitted） control/ check, great/big, soil/ground