课堂新坐标2017高考英语（江苏专版）二轮复习与策略文档版 - 仿真冲刺练

rather than try to make truly tiny droplets，you make larger ones in which water mixed with gas afterwards turns into particles of the desired size.Thomas Ackerman and Robert Wood of the University of Washington have put forward a proposal to see if this technique really works.They are now investigating how to get such a programme financed.

They are not the only people who want to see how ideas from geoengineering studies play out in the real world.David Keith of Harvard University has been studying how to reflect sunlight back using an artificial layer of smog similar to that created by the sulphur(硫磺)thrown up by large volcanic eruptions，which is known to cool the Earth.One of the risks would be that such particles can cause chemical reactions which consume and suck the ozone(臭氧)layer.Dr Keith wants to study how the rates of such reactions depend on the sizes of the particles and the background levels of water vapour；that would help to assess the risks and perhaps find ways to limit them.

For the clouds，the direct effects of the proposed experiments are tiny.These proposals are not distinguished by the scale of what is faced but by the precision with which they would be carried out and the care with which their effects would be monitored.

本文是环境气候题材类文章。介绍了科学家们试图用人工干预的方式来改变气候，从而达到控制全球变暖。

41．According to the passage，small sea salt particles in the clouds help________．

A．reduce greenhouse gases and protect the sea B．make low clouds over the sea much brighter C．lower the sea surface's temperature D．increase visibility over the sea

B [细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，选B项。]

42．By“such a test could soon be on the cards”，the author means the experiment________．

A．was not practical in practice B．was likely to be carried out soon

13

C．attracted the attention of geoengineers soon D．faced opposition from other environmentalists

B [推理判断题。由第三段第二句可知Latham博士提出的方案没有被验证。而画线句子用的是虚拟语气，表示“这个方案本来是很有可能去被验证的”。on the cards意为“很可能会发生”，故选B项。]

43．According to David Keith，which of the following is considered as a danger to the ozone layer?

A．Man－made smog. B．Volcanic eruptions. C．Artificial bright light. D．Chemical analyses of clouds.

A [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二、三句可知选A项。] 44．What does the passage intend to tell us? A．Global warming can be controlled.

B．Ideas from geoengineering have many practical applications. C．Scientists are making great efforts to modify the Earth's climate.

D．Environmentalists have a long way to go before their ideas are put into practice.

C [主旨大意题。文章中提到很多专家都在努力尝试用人工干预的方式来改变气候，故选C项。]

D

The New York State Legislature(议会)passed a bill granting nurse practitioners the right to provide primary care without physicians' oversight，earlier this month.New York joins 16 other states and the District of Columbia in awarding such autonomy.

Support for such measures has been widespread.Four years ago the Institute of Medicine called for dropping regulations that prevented nurses from practicing“to the full extent of their education and training”．

As a physician，I couldn't disagree more.Though well intentioned，such proposals underestimate the clinical importance of physicians' expertise and overestimate the cost－effectiveness of nurse practitioners.

14

The reason behind the new law is the awful shortage of primary－care physicians.A big reason for this scarcity is money.Primary care pays the least of all the medical students，and interest in it is at a record low among medical students and residents.At the same time，as baby boomers are starting to retire and the Affordable Care Act adds millions to the rolls of the newly insured，the need for primary－care physicians is growing.

So hiring more nurse practitioners has been promoted as a cost－effective way to meet this need.

Nurse practitioners，though generally praised for being sensitive to patients' psychological and social concerns，appear to order more diagnostic tests than do their physician counterparts.In one study，published in the journal Effective Clinical Practice，patents assigned to nurse practitioners underwent more ultrasounds，CT scans and MRI scans than did patients assigned to physicians.

These differences are costly.According to the study，they“may offset or negate any cost savings achieved by hiring nurse practitioners in place of physicians”．

Nurse practitioners receive approximately 600 hours of clinical instruction during their entire formal education，which is less than physicians receive in just the first year of a three－year medical residency.

When I was doing my internship 15 years ago，a fellow intern told me about a patient she had seen in the clinic whose voice was hoarse.She had no idea what was wrong with him，but her primary－care instructor，on a routine round，immediately diagnosed(诊断)goiter(甲状腺肿大)．“You have to know so much to do primary care，”she concluded.

Primary care，though often routine，is also about finding the extraordinary in what may appear to be routine.As a doctor said，“It's the ability to differentiate those pale shades of gray in patient care that counts.”

纽约州最近新出台一项法案，法案规定护士可在无医生监管下独立完成基础护理。对此，本文作者发表了自己的看法。

45．We can learn from the passage that ________．

A．there is a heated debate about whether the bill is reasonable

15

B．New York should be the first state to enact the bill C．with the bill patients can get primary care without delay D．the Institute of Medicine will support the bill

D [推理判断题。根据第二段第二句所述可推知，医学研究院会支持让护士有权在无医师监管的条件下提供基础护理的法案。故选D。]

46．Which of the following is NOT a reason for the shortage of primary－care physicians?

A．Primary－care jobs are not well paid.

B．Interest is low in primary care among medical students. C．Government funds for primary－care education are limited. D．There will be a large number of retirees in need of primary care.

C [细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句可知C项所述不是基础护理医师短缺的原因。]

47．Paragraph 6 is intended to prove that________． A．it's practical to hire more physicians

B．hiring nurse practitioners is not cost－effective

C．nurse practitioners have different responsibilities from physicians D．more training should be provided to nurse practitioners

B [推理判断题。根据第六段所述可知，雇用更多的护士本来是可以省下一部分雇用内科医生所需的花费，但当护士独立护理病人时，会因为自身专业知识的欠缺让病人进行更多的诊断性检查。正如第七段所说，这样一来，就抵消了原本省下的费用。故第六段旨在说明雇用护士并不省钱。]

48．The author considers the bill to be ________． A．ridiculous C．ambitious

B．striking D．strict

A [推理判断题。文章第三段一开始，作者便提出自己对这个法案极其不赞成。接下来的几段中，作者详细阐述了不赞成的理由，包括护士独立提供护理不省钱，护士接受的培训不如医师多，基础护理工作需要大量知识和技能等。综上所述，作者认为支持护士单独提供基础护理的法案是不可取的，荒谬的(ridiculous)。]

16