第八章 透平发动机 - 图文

In the on-line mode, the engine operates at any power level ranging from idle (no load) to full rated power with engine temperature stabilized at operating speed.处于在线模式时，引擎以任何功率等级进行操作，从空转（无负载）到全额功率，引擎温度稳定在操作速度上。

In on-line mode an engine compressor can be cleaned with the engine operating normally within minutes. Cleaning does not affect engine operation and should be performed on a scheduled basis. This allows the operator to avoid engine downtime while preventing a fouled and inefficient engine compressor.处于在线模式时，一个引擎压缩机可以正常使用操作进行几分钟的清洗。清洗不会影响引擎操作并应按照计划执行。这允许操作员避免引擎停工期而防止无效引擎压缩机的出现。

The on-line cleaning system is based on the injection of finely atomized water and/or cleaning fluid, thus avoiding the many problems associated with abrasive cleaning methods which can erode blades, damage special coatings and bearings, and obstruct turbine blade cooling holes.在线清洗系统基于精确的雾状水与/或清洁流的喷射，这可避免许多与喷沙清洁方法有关的问题，喷沙方法可能侵蚀叶片、损伤特殊敷层及轴承和阻塞透平叶片冷却通孔。

CAUTION小心

On-line cleaning in a salt laden environment is not recommended.不推荐在盐碱环境中进行在线清洗。

Adequate air treatment must be employed to remove the bulk of airborne constituents such as dried salt particles. Table 8.5.1 details the air requirements.必须使用充足的空气以移除大多数空气中夹杂的成分，诸如干盐颗粒。

Airborne salts removed during the cleaning process can cause serious damage to the hot section of the turbine. Please contact your local Solar representative for support in this matter.在清洗过程中，空气中夹杂的盐分可能对透平热部分造成严重损害。请联系当地索拉代理寻求此方面的支持。

NOTE注意

On-line cleaning is intended as a supplement to on-crank cleaning, not a substitute. It is imperative that the compressor be cleaned in the on-crank mode on a regular basis.在线清洗是盘车清洗的一个补充，不是替代方法。强制规定常规下压缩机应使用盘车模式进行清洗。

Table 8.5.1 Requirements for Air Entering Compressor Air Inlet进入压缩

机空气入口管线的空气要求

Maximum Allowable Limit最小允许量 (measured at air inlet)（空气管线中测得） 0.010 ppmw (ASTM D3365)1 Airborne Contaminants夹杂污染物 Total solid particles (including sea salt)总固体颗粒（包括海盐） Maximum particle size最大颗粒尺寸 10 microns Total combustibles总易燃物 NOTES: 注意：

1 This limit complies with ES 998 even in the worst-case scenario, i.e., particles entering the gas turbine are 100% sea salt. Under these circumstances (deemed the most corrosive of airborne contaminants), sodium + potassium present in 0.010 ppmw of sea salt is calculated to be less than 0.004 ppmw in air; this determines that maximum concentration of airborne contaminants at a maximum particle loading rate of 0.010 ppmw shall be as follows: 此限值遵守ES 998，即使在最恶劣的环境下，例如进入气体透平的颗粒100%是海盐。在这些情况下（认为是最具腐蚀性的夹杂污染物），每0.001PPMw海盐中钠钾含量经计算小于空气中的0.004ppmw，这决定了以0.001ppmw的最大颗粒负载率，夹杂在空气中的污染物最大含量应遵循： 8.5.5 Cleaning Fluids清洁流

The two cleaning fluids are water and cleaning solutions. Either fluid may be used in either cleaning mode (on-crank or on-line). The

concentrations will vary depending on the cleaning mode selected. Refer to Solar ES 9-62 and ES 9-62-1 for approved cleaning solutions and concentration requirements/restrictions.两股清洁流为水和清洁剂。两种流在任何模式中（盘车或者在线）都可以使用。浓度的变化取决于所选清洗模式。参照索拉 ES 9-62及ES 9-62-1寻求正确的清洁剂及浓度要求/限制。 WATER WASH水洗

Water is used to remove water-soluble contaminants such as salt, chemicals, dust, or other nonoily, nonwaxy substances from the compressor air path. Standard ambient temperature water wash and low ambient temperature water wash are the two water washing methods. Refer to Solar ES 9-62 and Table 8.5.2 for water requirements of both water washing methods. It is recommended that deionized water be used. A recommended method for measuring water purity would be by a conductivity meter. Acceptable values should be 4 megaohms resistance (25 micromhos conductance).水系用于清

5 ppmw (ASTM D2820) 除压缩机空气通道的水溶解污染物，例如盐、化学品、尘埃或者其他非锡非腊物质。标准环境温度水洗及低环境温度水洗为两种水洗方法。请参照索拉 ES 9-62及表8.5.2寻求两种水洗方法的要求。推荐使用去离子水。测量水纯净度的推荐方法是应通过电导计测量。可接受的值应该是4兆欧（25微欧的电导）。

CAUTION小心

Low ambient temperature water wash may be done only in the on-crank mode. Refer to Solar ES 9-62 for on-crank low ambient temperature water wash specifications.仅当出于盘车模式时，才能进行低环境温度水洗。参照索拉ES 9-62寻求盘车模式低环境温度水洗特性。

Standard Ambient Temperature Water Wash标准环境温度水洗

Standard ambient temperature water wash is used at inlet plenum

temperatures above +39°F (+4°C) and may be conducted in either the on-crank or on-line cleaning mode. In the event that the inlet plenum is not easily accessible to verify temperature, the water wash may be conducted at ambient temperatures above +50°F (+10°C).在入口管线膛温高于30华氏度（4摄氏度）时，使用标准环境温度水洗及盘车和在线两种清洗模式。在入口管线膛腔不及接近且变化的情况下，应在环境温度高于50华氏度（10摄氏度）时进行水洗。

Low Ambient Temperature Water Wash低环境温度水洗

Low ambient temperature water wash is used at inlet plenum temperatures from +39°F to -4°F (+4°C to -20°C) and can be conducted only in the on-crank mode. The solution for low ambient temperature water wash is a mixture of water with equal parts-by-volume of ethylene glycol (per MIL-E-9500) or isopropyl alcohol (per ASTM D770). The water used in the mixture must meet the requirements for water used in ingestive cleaning listed in Solar ES 9-62. It is recommended that deionized water be used.在入口管线膛腔温度从39华氏度到零下4华氏度（4摄氏度到零下20摄氏度）时，使用低环境温度水洗，且仅在盘车模式下进行。低环境温度水洗解决方案为水与乙烯乙二醇同体积的水混合物（MIL-E-950）或者异丙醇（每ASTM D770）。混合物中的水必须满足索拉ES-62中吸收式清洗所列要求。推荐使用去离子水。

CAUTION小心

Engine cleaning is not recommended when the ambient temperature is below -4°F (-20°C).当环境温度低于-4华氏度（-20摄氏度）时，不推荐进行引擎清洗。

Automotive or commercial antifreeze products are not acceptable. Use of such products may cause severe damage to Solar-manufactured turbine

engines.不接受汽车或者商业防冻剂产品。这些产品的使用可能严重损坏索拉生产的引擎。

Use of Anti-Freeze Materials In Cold-Weather Operation低温天气操作时防冻剂物质的使用

Solar recommends that the point at which the operator should consider using anti-freeze for on-crank washing is when the inlet plenum

temperature is at or below +39°F (+4°C) [Ambient temperature below +50°F (+10°C)].索拉推荐操作员应该考虑使用防冻剂用于盘车水洗的时候是当入口管线膛腔温度处于或低于39华氏度（4摄氏度）[环境温度低于50华氏度（10摄氏度）]。

CLEANING SOLUTIONS 清洗剂

WARNING警告

Avoid direct and prolonged inhalation of cleaning solution vapors. DO NOT SWALLOW. If swallowed, do not induce vomiting, seek medical attention. In the event of direct contact with eyes, rinse eyes copiously with clean water. If prolonged direct contact with skin occurs wash with soap and water.避免直接接触及长时间对清洗剂水气的吸收。不要吞咽。如果已吞咽，不要诱使其呕吐，应寻求医疗救助。直接接触到眼睛时，应使用清水充分的漂洗眼睛。如果长时间与皮肤接触，则使用肥皂水进行清洗。

Solar cleaning solutions should never be used for on-line cleaning unless a properly designed and installed injection system is fitted. Solar cleaning solutions can be used with any on-crank cleaning system. 除非配有设计合理且安装有喷射系统，否则索拉清洁剂不应用于在线清洗模式。索拉清洁剂可应用于任何盘车清洗系统。

Solar-recommended cleaning solutions may be used in the on-crank and on-line cleaning system. Other cleaners may not work effectively, or may fail to meet Solar Specification ES 9-62 (Ingestive Cleaning Solar Turbine Engines) requirements and possibly damage the engine. Solar does not accept any liability for damage or injury caused by misuse of its cleaners or system.索拉推荐的清洁剂可以应用于盘车及在线清洗系统。其他清洗剂不能有效的工作、或者可能不满足索拉特性ES 9-62（吸收式清洁剂索拉透平引擎）的要求并可能导致引擎损坏。索拉不接受任何由于不使用索拉清洁剂或者系统而导致的损伤或者人身伤害。

Cleaning solutions available through Solar are listed in Table 8.5.2. Prior to use, mix the applicable concentrates listed in Table 8.5.2 with deionized water. Solar cleaning solutions will not chemically attack special blade coatings.表8.5.2所列为可以使用的索拉清洁剂。在使用之前，