第八章 透平发动机 - 图文

8 TURBINE ENGINE透平发动机

8.1 GENERAL DESCRIPTION概述

The Centaur 40-4702 gas turbine engine (Figure 8.1.1) is a two-shaft, axial-flow design consisting of the following major

assemblies/components: Centaur 40-4702燃气透平发动机(图 8.1.1)是双轴轴流设计，由以下主要装置/组件组成：

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Accessory Drive辅助驱动 Air Inlet空气入口

Axial-Flow Compressor轴流压缩机

Annular Combustor With Fuel Injectors环状燃料喷射引擎燃烧室 Turbine透平机

Exhaust Collector排气收集器 Output drive shaft输出传动轴

The major components of the engine are maintained in accurate alignment by mating flanges with pilot surfaces and are bolted together to form a rigid assembly. The accessory drive assembly, bolted to the air inlet assembly, is driven by the engine compressor rotor shaft. The accessory drive assembly supports and drives the lube oil pump and other accessories and is initially driven by the start system.引擎的主要部分通过配合法兰与导流表面精确的排成直线并用螺栓固定在一起形成一坚固装置。辅助驱动设备螺栓固定在空气入口装置，由引擎压缩机转子驱动。辅助驱动装置支撑及驱动润滑油泵及其他辅助器件，并由起动系统提供初始驱动。

The engine develops output power by converting the energy of expanding gases to rotating mechanical power. The energy of the expanding gases drives the turbine stages which power the engine compressor section. The gases then flow through the power turbine where additional energy is absorbed and transferred to the output drive shaft, driving the driven equipment.通过将膨胀气体的能量转化为旋转的机械动力，引擎输出动能。膨胀气体的能量驱动透平阶，此阶提供透平压缩机部分的动力。然后气体流过动力透平，在那里，额外的能量被吸收，传输到输出驱动轴以驱动设备。

In the two-shaft engine configuration, the gas producer turbine speed is directly related to engine power level. For this reason, the gas producer turbine speed is electronically controlled to provide for power level adjustment. During normal operation, the load of the driven equipment will determine the most efficient speed of the power turbine for each

particular power requirement. Protection devices against overspeed are provided in the event the load is suddenly removed.在双轴引擎配置中，压气机透平速度直接与引擎动力相关联。由于这个原因，压气机透平速度被电气化控制以提供动力大小的调节。在正常的操作期间，驱动设备的负载将决定每一特殊动力要求的动力透平最有效速度。保护装置在负载突然移除的情况下防止超速。

Refer to Table 8.1.1 for Centaur 40-4702 gas turbine engine specifications.参照表8.1.1，半人马40-4702气体透平引擎特性。

Figure 8.1.1 Centaur 40-4702 Gas Turbine Engine半人马40-4702气体透平

引擎 View graphic看图

Key for Figure 8.1.1图8.1.1关键词

1 Air Inlet Duct空气入口管线 3 Exhaust Collector排气收集器

2 4

Combustor Assembly燃烧室装置 Accessory Drive Assembly辅助驱动装置

Power Turbine Assembly动力透平装置

5 Engine Compressor Assembly引擎6

压缩机装置

Table 8.1.1 Centaur 40-4702 Gas Turbine Engine Specifications半人马

40-4702气体透平装置特性

Description描述 COMPRESSOR压缩机 Type类型 Number of Stages阶数量 Compression Ratio压缩率 Max. Speed最大速度 COMBUSTION CHAMBER燃烧室 Type类型 Ignition点火 Number of Fuel Injectors燃料喷射器数量 GAS PRODUCER TURBINE压气机透平 Type类型 Number of Stages阶数量 Max. Speed最大速度 POWER TURBINE动力透平 Type类型 Number of Stages阶数量 Max. Speed最大速度 BEARINGS轴承 Journal轴颈 Thrust止推 Data数据 Axial轴 11 10.0:1 15 000 rpm Annular环形 Torch火炬点燃 10 Reaction反动力 2 15 000 Reaction反动力 1 15 500 rpm Sleeve and Tilt-Pad套管及斜置垫 Fixed Tapered Land固定锥形合模面 8.1.1 ORIENTATION操作

Directional references (Figure 8.1.2) to the gas turbine package (left side, right side, forward, and aft) are established by viewing the package from the centerline of the turbine exhaust (aft), and looking toward the

air inlet (forward).气体透平装置（左视、右视、前视及后视）的方向参考资料是由透平的尾部中心线朝空气入口管线方向看去而建立起来的。

Figure 8.1.2 “Aft Looking Forward” Package Orientation“后部朝前看”装

置定位 View graphic看图

8.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION功能描述

8.2.1 Gas Turbine Operation气体透平操作

Air is drawn into the air inlet of the gas turbine and is compressed by the multi-stage axial-flow compressor. The compressed air is directed into the combustion chamber in a steady flow. Fuel is injected into the pressurized air within the annular combustion chamber. During the gas turbine start cycle, this fuel/air mixture is ignited and continuous burning is maintained as long as there is adequate flow of pressurized air and fuel. The hot, pressurized gas from the combustion chamber expands through and drives the turbine, dropping in pressure and temperature as it exits the turbine.空气被吸入气体透平的空气入口管线，由多阶轴流压缩机压缩。在稳定流量的状态下，压缩气体直接进入燃烧室。燃料喷入环形燃烧室中的加压空气中。在气体透平起动周期内，只要有充足的加压空气和燃料，此燃料/气体混合物被点燃并持续维持燃烧。从燃烧室出来的热的已加压的气体膨胀驱动透平，当它退出透平时，压力和温度随之降低。