初高中衔接英语教材

6 They are eating dinner. (对划线部分提问) （四）翻译下列句子 1 男孩子们正在踢足球 2 你们在听磁带吗？

3 我正要和我的朋友去看电影 4 她不在拉小提琴

5 他们在干什么？他们在打篮球 6 Lucy和 Mary正在打排球。 七、高中部分延伸： 现在进行时的特殊用法：

1）在时间、条件状语从句中有时可用现在进行时表示将来的动作： Eg: Don‘t talk when the teacher is teaching his lesson. 老师在上课时别说话。

If he is thinking, please don‘t bother him.如果他正在思考时，别打扰他。

2）go, come, begin, start, return, arrive, die, leave等动词可用现在进行时表示将来时： Eg: The wounded soldier is dying.那个伤员快死了。

They are leaving for the USA tomorrow.他们明天要去美国。 3）在文学作品中一般进行时可使文章更加生动：

Eg: She is smiling whenever she sees me.每当她看到我总在微笑。 The Changjiang River, which is flowing east, is the longest in China. 向东而流的长江是中国最长的河流。

5 有时一般进行时可以跟always, all the time, forever, constantly等连用，表示说话的人的情

绪，如惊讶、不满、讨厌等：

Eg: Stop your stupid dog. He is always barking at night. 管管你的笨狗，它每晚都在乱叫。

It seems to me my mother is forever telling me to do my homework. 似乎妈妈老是叫我做作业。

6 be动词用在进行时表示―暂时‖或―故意‖的意思：

eg: He is being stupid.他在故意装傻。（实际上不傻） She is being gentle.她目前温柔。（平时并不这样） [注意]：系动词和静态动词一般不用进行时

Lesson 7

四． 过去进行时

一 过去进行时的概念与构成：

过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，由―was/were + 现在分词‖构成。

二 用法

1 表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。如：He was reading a novel when I came in.我进来时，他在看小说。（表示进来的那一刻正在进行的动作）

What were you doing at ten o‘clock last night？昨晚十点你在干什么？

2 表示过去某阶段正在进行的动作。如：In 1980 he was studying in a university.(强调动作进行的过程)

At that time he was working in Beijing

3 用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示过去将来正在进行的动作。如：

He promised not to mention this when he was talking to her.他答应在跟她谈话时不提这件事。 （从―答应‖这个过去时间来看，―谈话‖是将来进行的动作，因此，此处过去进行时实际指的是

过去将来时。）

4 在口语或记叙文中，可以用过去进行时表示的持续性动作作为背景，以此引出由一般过去时表示的新动作。如：We were doing our homework when the light went out.我们正做着家庭作业，这时，灯熄灭了。

5 表示按计划、安排，过去某时将发生的动作。如：Nobody knew whether he was going with us.没人知道他会不会跟我们一起去。

6 与always, constantly, continually, forever 等状语连用，表示感情色彩。如： Betty was always changing her mind. 贝蒂老是改变主意。（责备厌烦的情绪） 7 表示婉转口气，仅限于hope, want, wander 等动词，用来提出请求。如: I was hoping you could send me some books. (口气很委婉)

三 练习：

用所给动词的适当形式填空：

1. I ________ (try) to fix a machine before you _______ (arrive).

2. When I _________ (go) downstairs, they _____ already ______ (eat) breakfast. 3. While you _____ (talk) to her, I _______ (read) a magazine. 4. It _________ (rain) hard, but nobody _____ (stop) working.

5. While I _______ (dictate口授) a letter to my secretary, my wife _____(ring).

6. I ____ (talk) to the librarian this morning, and he ___ (say) we _____ (have) to return the books before Saturday.

7. She _______ (attend) a meeting to discuss the raising of a sum (募捐一比钱) for building a small additional couple of rooms.

8. Alice ______ constantly ________ (complain) of the cold. 9. I __________ (wonder) if you ________ (can) help me.

10. In those days, whenever I ____ (meet) him, he ___ (work) in his office. 四、高中部分延伸： 过去进行时的特殊用法：

1）go, come, begin, start, return, arrive, die, leave等动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来时，主 要出现在宾语从句中：

Eg: Mary said that she was going to visit her former teachers the next Sunday. 玛丽说她要去拜访她以前的老师。

2）go, come, expect, plan, hope, wish，等动词可用过去进行时表示本来打算做而实际上没有 做成的事：

Eg: I was going to the cinema yesterday evening, but I was engaged in my work. 我昨天晚上本来要去看电影但是工作太忙。

The boy was expecting to go to college last year, but he failed the entrance exams. 那男孩去年本来要去上大学，但是没通过入学考试。 3）过去进行时可以用来叙述故事发生的背景：

Eg: It was raining harder and harder, and no one could tell what would happen. 当时雨越下越大没人知道会发生什么事。

One dark night, everything was quiet, and wind was blowing, a man was stealing into the house with a gun in his hand.

一个漆黑的夜晚，一切都是那么的平静，风正刮着，一个手里拿着枪的人溜进了屋子。 4 过去进行时可以用来描述过去很长一段时间期间所发生的事：

Eg: A few years ago I was working in the company as a salesman. 几年前我正在一个公司里当销售员。

五.一般将来时

一、定义及用法：

一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式有如下七种：

1. shall/will+动词原形，表示单纯将来，第一人称用shall，第二、第三人称用will. 2. be going to+动词原形，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。如： It is going to rain. (表示即将发生的事)

I‘m going to stay here until tomorrow night.（表示最近打算进行的事。）

注：表―意图‖时，be going to 表示事先考虑过的―意图‖，will 表示即刻考虑到的―意图‖。 如：--Why are you taking down all the pictures? 你为什么拿下所有的照片？

--I‘m going to repair the room. 我打算修理房间。

又如：--This is a terrible heavy box. 这是个特别沉重的箱子。 --I‘ll help you to carry it. 我来帮你提。 3. be about to +动词原形，表示―就要，即将‖

如：Autumn harvest is about to start. 马上就要秋收了。

4. be + to + 动词原形，表示意图、计划、约定、可能性等。

如：You are to finish cleaning the classroom by six this afternoon. 你们必须在下午六点钟之前打扫完教室。

We are to turn out 1000 trucks next month. 我们计划在下个月生产一千辆卡车。 There‘s to be a sports meeting next week. 下周要举行运动会。 比较：be going to do … 指的是动作将要发生，表示主观打算。

be to do … 指安排，计划好的动作，表示命令、可能等意义。 be about to do …指眼下即将发生的动作。

5. be + 动词现在分词形式，表示将来的动作。这种形式常用表示往返动作或逗留的动词，且常和表示未来的时间动词连用。如：

be + arriving/coming/going/dying/leaving/meeting/opening/reaching/returning/setting out/starting. 即将到达/来/去/死/离开/会见/打开/到达/返回/出发/动身。

We are starting for Shanghai this afternoon. 今天下午我们将动身去上海。

6. 表示往返动作的动词，还可用一般现在时表示根据规定时间或预计要发生的将来动作。 如：My train leaves at 6:30 我要乘的火车将在6：30开。（根据时刻表规定）

We leave Beijing at ten a.m. and arrive in Tianjin at noon. 我们将在上午十点动身，中午到天津。

7. 在时间和条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： I‘ll let you know as soon as I hear from him. 我一收到他的信就告诉你。

（收信的动作发生在将来，但由于用在时间状语从句中，故用一般现在时代替一般将来时。） 注：将来时分单纯将来时和意志将来时两种 (1) 单纯将来时

I shall; you will; He will.

--Shall I do it? -Yes, you will. --Will you do it? –yes, I shall. --Will he do it? -yes, he will. （2）意志将来时

① 表示说话者的意志（用于第二、三人称；You shall 我要你…； He shall 我要他…；） 如：You shall do it right now. 我要你马上开始。

② 表示主语的意志（三个人称都用will, will=be willing to）

如：No matter what you say, I will do it. 不管你说什么我都要做这件事。 He will do it by himself. 他决心亲自做这件事。 ③ 询问对方的意志 ：

第一人称：--Shall I …? --yes, please (do so) --Do you want me to…? –No, you needn‘t

第二人称：--Will you…? --yes, I will. (No, I will not.) 第三人称：--Shall he…? (--do you want him to …?)

--Yes, please let him do so./--No, you need not let him do so.

二、练习： 1 专题练习：用将来时正确形式填空： 1．I ______________ (be) twenty next year. 2. I ___________ (not get) married yet.

3. It __________ (rain) .好像就要下雨了。(表示主观推测和预测) 4. It _________ (rain) tonight. 今天夜晚有雨。（表示气象报告的客观性预测） 5. If I see him, I ___________ (give) him your message. （二）综合练习

1.--When will they leave? --They ___ (离开) very soon.

2. ―The plane is on the point of taking off.‖ means ―The plane ___________ (就要起飞)‖ 3. --Was he studying for an examination?

--Yes, he‘s __it next week. (他下周要考试)

4. I _______ (去) to Las Vegas before you ____ (来) back next week. 5. --Are there going to be many people at your party today? --We hope that ________________ (会有很多人) 6. --Is this the last exam we have to take?

--Yes, but there ____another test three months from now. 7. If a man __________(要获成功)，he must work very hard. 8. I _______ (即将前往) Beijing.

9. Make sure all the windows _____ (关上) before you leave. 10. If it ________ (rain) tomorrow, he ________ (not come). 11. The train ____ (start) at ten o‘clock in the morning.

12. If you __________ (follow) me, I‘ll give you some advice. 13. I don‘t know when / if he ________ (come).

14. If you _______ (play) football, you‘d better wear your sports shoes.

15. There ________ a strong wind to the north of Huai River. 淮河以北有大风。 三、高中部分延伸： 一般将来时的特殊用法：

1）表示一种倾向或习惯性的动作：

Eg: Boys will be boys. 男孩子总是男孩子。

Whenever I am in trouble, she will come to my help.每当我有麻烦，她总是来帮助我。 2）be+不定式表示将来时：该结构重表示受某人指示、安排或规章制度、客观规律或情况应 该或必须做的事，或用于表示命令、吩咐、禁止、可能性等。只能表示人能控制的将来的动作。不能人为安排或不能受意志控制的事不能用be+不定式，只能用be going to 结构： Eg: He and I are to meet here at four this afternoon.我和他下午四点见面。

You are not to come into my room without knocking.你不能没敲门就进我的房间。 但我们只能说It is going to rain(天要下雨了)而不能说It is to rain.同理我们不能说： He is to faint. (他要晕倒了)，只能说：He is going to faint.

3) be about + 不定式表示将来时：该结构表示的仅仅是即刻的将来，句子不能与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。

Eg: The autumn harvest is about to start.秋收马上就要开始了。 The plane is about to take off.飞机马上就要起飞了。

When I saw Tom, he was about to get on the bus.当我看到汤姆时，他正要上车。

Lesson 8