硕士学位论文-中资方便旗船舶回归的法律问题研究

中资方便旗船舶回归的法律问题研究

摘 要

近年来中资船舶海外移籍的现象愈加严重，中资船舶的大量外移不仅影响到我国航运大国的地位和形象，而且也削弱国家的宏观调控和管理能力，使我国财政收入大量流失，更重要的是使整个航运体系受到了严重的冲击，这种现象在美国、英国等传统的航运大国中也出普遍存在，如何应对船籍外移已成为一项世界课题，世界各国纷纷出台新的船舶登记政策以应对本国船籍外移。文章在全面分析中资方便旗产生的原因的基础上深入研究中资方便旗外移对我国的影响。通过对主要国家应对船籍外移的最新立法和政策的深入比较，就如何完善中资方便旗回归的立法和实践提出建议。

本文共分为四章。

第一章中资方便船产生之原因分析,从我国现行的航运政策这一大环境出发，通过对经济因素和政治外交因素这两方面的研究，深入的分析中资方便旗船产生的原因。

第二章中资方便旗对我国海运的影响,文章先介绍船籍外移对国家、航运业的影响，再说明船籍外移使船舶、船员缺乏安全保障，最后指出一旦出现问题难以追查事故责任人，使其逃避法律责任，由大到小层层剖析，深刻的揭示出船籍外移对我国各方面的影响。

第三章国外应对船籍外移的立法和实践,通过对国外船舶登记制度的比较研究以及国际社会对船籍外移所作出的努力，分析第二船舶登记制度对该国船籍外移问题取得的效果。然后再从我国的国情出发，深入分析我国借鉴第二船舶登记制度的可行性。

第四章我国中资方便旗船舶回归的实践及其完善,阐述了我国当前应对船籍外移的实践，主要分析了船舶特案免税登记政策和国际船舶登记制度的可行性，以及切实贯彻真正联系原则，从而达到对中资船舶实施有效控制的建议。

关键词：方便旗船舶 第二船舶登记制度 真正联系原则

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中资方便旗船舶回归的法律问题研究

ABSTRACT

Recently, the phenomenon of Chinese investment vessels transferring their nationality to abroad is becoming more and more severe, which not only affects the image and statue of China as a leading shipping country, but also diminishes the state's capacity of macro-control and regulation as well, makes the huge sum of fiscal revenue flow away, the most important is that it is a huge crash to the entire shipping system. This phenomenon universally exists in the traditional shipping countrys, such as America and Britain,ect. How to deal with the vessels' nationality transferring to abroad has been a world-wide issue, the countrys all over the world formulated and promulgate the brand new ships' registration policy to deal with national vessels' nationality transferring to abroad. This essay based on the underground of fully analysing the reasons of sino-investment convinient flags' existing, deeply digging to the affect to our country, proposing the advice to improve the legislation and practice of the convinient flags' returning by deeply comparing the latest legislations and policys of the main-stream countrys on how to deal with the vessels' nationality transferring to aboard.

This essay consists of four chapters.

Chapter one analyse the reason of the convinent flags' existing, beginning with the whole atomosphere of China's shipping policy: through taking consideration of the two elements of economy and political and diplomatic strategy, deeply analyse the reason of the Chinese vessel convenient flags' existing.

Chapter two the affect the Chinese vessel convenient flags to China's shipping: mainly describe the affect of sino-investment vessels' nationality transferring to aboard to our country. Firstly, discussing the affect of the vessels' nationality transferring to abroad to the country and shipping industry; then, going to details of the vessels' nationality transferring to aboard making the vessels and crews lack of safety guarantee; lastly, pointing out that once the problem occur, it will be difficult to investigate the person who should bear liability to the accident. As narrowing the scope of discussion, far-reaching revealing the

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中资方便旗船舶回归的法律问题研究

affect of vessels' nationality transferring to aboard to our country's many aspects. Chapter three foreign countrys' legislation and practice on dealing with the vessels' nationality transferring abroad: by comparing other foreign countrys' ships' registration system and describing the international society's endeavor to vessels' nationality transferring abroad, analyseing the effect of second ships' registration system on dealing with the said issue. Then, from the basic situation of our country, thoroughly approaching the feasibility of our country reference to this system.

Chapter four our country's legislation and practice about the returning of sino-investment convenient flag vessel: describing the practice on vessels' nationality transferring to abroad, mainly focusing on the feasibility of ship tax-free registration and the importance of practically implement of 'bona fide relation' principle in order to give arise to the advice of effective control on the sino-investment vessels.

Liao jianan(International Iaw)

Directed by Associate Professor She Shaofeng

KEYWORDS: flag of convenience ships the second ship registration system the principle of genuine link

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中资方便旗船舶回归的法律问题研究

目 录

引 言 ................................................................. 1 第一章 中资方便船产生之原因分析 ....................................... 2

第一节 中资方便旗产生的经济原因 ..................................... 2

一、国内不合理的税收政策 ........................................ 2 二、国内策滞后的造买船融资政策 .................................. 4 三、规避有关部门的监管 .......................................... 5 四、规避法律风险 ................................................ 5 五、雇用船员的需要 .............................................. 7 第二节 中资方便旗产生的政治原因 .................................... 7

一、 中资方便旗便于通航台湾海峡 ................................. 7 二、 中资方便旗便于通航于尚未建交的国家的海域 ................... 8

第二章 中资方便旗对我国海运的影响 ..................................... 9

第一节 船籍外移对我国的经济影响 .................................... 9

一、船籍外移消弱我国的宏观调控力 ................................ 9 二、船籍外移减少财政收入 ........................................ 9 三、船籍外移影响我国的国际地位 .................................. 9 四、船籍外移造成“海运空洞化”现象 ............................. 10 第二节 船籍外移对我国的法律影响 ................................... 11

一、方便旗船舶威胁海上航行安全 ................................. 11 二、方便旗船舶的船员权益得不到保障 ............................. 13 三、方便旗船舶所有人容易逃避法律责任 ........................... 14

第三章 国外应对船籍外移的立法和实践 .................................. 15

第一节 国外应对船籍外移的立法 ..................................... 15

一、美国的“实际控制”原则 ..................................... 15 二、挪威国际船舶登记制度 ....................................... 16 三、英国马恩岛船舶登记制度 ..................................... 19

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