2015全国卷阅读超强汇总！答案见另一文档！

been trapped between two rocks.The farmer freed him,and he began to run happily around again.

Dartmoor has 1,000 or so ponies,who play a critical role in creating the diversity of species in this area.Many people are working hard to preserve these ponies,and trying to come up with plans to find a sustainable(可持续的)future for one of Dartmoor’s most financially-troubled elements④.

1.Why are tourists asked not to feed the ponies? A.To protect the tourists from being bitten. B.To keep the ponies off the petrol station. C.To avoid putting the ponies in danger. D.To prevent the ponies from fighting.

2.One of the purposes of the annual pony drift is______.

A.to feed baby ponies on milk B.to control the number of ponies C.to expand the habitat for ponies D.to sell the ponies at a good price

3.What was the author’s first reaction when he saw a pony roll on its back?

A.He freed it from the trap. B.He called a protection officer. C.He worried about it very much. D.He thought of it as being naughty.

4.What does the author imply about the preservation of Dartmoor’s ponies? A.It lacks people’s involvement. B.It costs a large amount of money. C.It will affect tourism in Dartmoor. D.It has caused an imbalance of species.

[第63页 Passage 2] (2015福建,B)

题材:学习教育

词数:396

Papa,as a son of a dirt-poor①farmer,left school early and went to work in a factory,for education was for the rich then.So,the world became his school.With great interest,he read everything he could lay his hands on,listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown.“There’s so much to learn,”he’d say.“Though we’re born stupid,only the stupid remain that way.”He was determined that none of his children would be denied(拒绝)an education.

Thus,Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day.Though,as children,we thought this was crazy,it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request.And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how insignificant②,it was never taken lightly③.Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment,always to the point. Then came the moment—the time to share the day’s new learning.

Papa,at the head of the table,would push back his chair and pour a glass of red

wine,ready to listen.

“Felice,”he’d say,“tell me what you learned today.” “I learned that the population of Nepal is...” Silence.

Papa was thinking about what was said,as if the salvation(拯救)of the world would depend upon it.“The population of Nepal.Hmm.Well...”he’d say.“Get the map;let’s see where Nepal is.”And the whole family went on a search for Nepal.

This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn.Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts. As children,we thought very little about these educational wonders.Our

family,however,was growing together,sharing experiences and participating in one another’s education.And by looking at us,listening to us,respecting our

input,affirming(肯定)our value,giving us a sense of dignity,Papa was unquestionably④our most influential teacher.

Later during my training as a future teacher,I studied with some of the most famous educators.They were imparting(传授)what Papa had known all along—the value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.Not a single day has been wasted,though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove useful.

1.What do we know from the first paragraph?

A.The author’s father was born in a worker’s family. B.Those born stupid could not change their life. C.The town elders wanted to learn about the world. D.The poor could hardly afford school education.

2.The underlined word“it”in the second paragraph refers to“______”. A.one new thing B.a request C.the news D.some comment 3.It can be learned from the passage that the author______. A.enjoyed talking about news B.knew very well about Nepal C.felt regret about those wasted days

D.appreciated his father’s educational technique

4.What is the greatest value of“dinner time”to the author?

A.Continual learning. B.Showing talents. C.Family get-together. D.Winning Papa’s approval.

5.The author’s father can be best described as______. A.an educator expert at training future teachers B.a parent insistent on his children’s education

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C.a participant willing to share his knowledge D.a teacher strict about everything his students did

[第67页 Passage 1] (2015重庆,E)

题材:历史文化

词数:298

The values of artistic works,according to cultural relativism(相对主义),are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.Such a view,however,fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries.

History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world.It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls,as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries.Unique works of this kind are different from today’s popular art,even if they began as works of popular art.They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal①and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future.

In a 1757 essay,the philosopher David Hume argued that because“the general principles of taste are uniform(不变的)in human nature”,the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent②.He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years.Works of this type,he believed,spoke to deep and unvarying③features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries.

Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality④of art.For example,evolutionary⑤psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the long-lasting themes and plot devices in fiction.The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before.Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.

1.According to the passage,what do we know about cultural relativism? A.It introduces different cultural values. B.It explains the history of artistic works. C.It relates artistic values to local conditions. D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.

2.In Paragraph 2,the artists are mentioned in order to show that______. A.great works of art can go beyond national boundaries B.history gives art works special appeal to set them apart C.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great arts D.great artists are skilled at combining various cultures

3.According to Hume,some works of art can exist for centuries because______. A.they are results of scientific study

B.they establish some general principles of art C.they are created by the world’s greatest artists D.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature

4.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A.Are Artistic Values Universal? B.Are Popular Arts Permanent? C.Is Human Nature Uniform? D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?

[第68页 Passage 2] (2015湖北,D)

题材:科普知识

词数:356

The oddness①of life in space never quite goes away.Here are some examples.

First consider something as simple as sleep.Its position presents its own challenges.The main question is whether you want your arms inside or outside the sleeping bag.If you leave your arms out,they float free in zero gravity,often giving a sleeping astronaut the look of a funny ballet(芭蕾)dancer.“I’m an inside guy,”Mike Hopkins says,who returned from a six-month tour on the International Space Station.“I like to be wrapped up.” On the station,the ordinary becomes strange.The exercise bike for the American astronauts has no handlebars②.It also has no seat.With no gravity,it’s just as easy to pedal violently.You can watch a movie while you pedal by floating a microcomputer anywhere you want.But station residents have to be careful about staying in one place too long.Without gravity to help circulate air,the carbon dioxide you exhale(呼气)has a tendency to form an invisible(隐形的)cloud around your head.You can end up with what astronauts call a carbon-dioxide headache.

Leroy Chiao,54,an American retired astronaut after four flights,describes what happens even before you float out of your seat.“Your inner ear thinks you’re falling.Meanwhile your eyes are telling you you’re standing straight.That can be annoying—that’s why some people feel sick.”Within a couple of days—truly terrible days for some—astronauts’ brains learn to ignore the panicky signals from the inner ear,and space sickness disappears.

Space travel can be so delightful but at the same time invisibly dangerous.For instance,astronauts lose bone mass.That’s why exercise is considered so vital that National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)puts it right on the workday schedule.The focus on fitness is as much about science and the future as it is about keeping any individual astronaut healthy.NASA is worried about two things:recovery time once astronauts return home,and,more importantly,how to maintain strength and fitness for the two and a half years or more that it would take to make a round-trip to Mars.

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1.What is the major challenge to astronauts when they sleep in space? A.Deciding on a proper sleep position. B.Choosing a comfortable sleeping bag. C.Seeking a way to fall asleep quickly. D.Finding a right time to go to sleep.

2.The astronauts will suffer from a carbon-dioxide headache when______. A.they circle around on their bikes B.they use microcomputers without a stop C.they exercise in one place for a long time D.they watch a movie while pedaling

3.Some astronauts feel sick on the station during the first few days because______. A.their senses stop working B.they have to stand up straight

C.they float out of their seats unexpectedly D.their brains receive contradictory messages

4.One of NASA’s major concerns about astronauts is______. A.how much exercise they do on the station B.how they can remain healthy for long in space C.whether they can recover after returning home D.whether they are able to go back to the station

[第69页 Passage 3] (2014新课标全国Ⅰ,D)

题材:社会文化

词数:345

As more and more people speak the global languages of English,Chinese,Spanish,and Arabic,other languages are rapidly disappearing.In fact,half of the 6,000—7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization(UNESCO).

In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations—UNESCO and National Geographic among them—have for many years been documenting①dying languages and the cultures they reflect.

Mark Turin,a scientist at the Macmillan Center,Yale University,who specializes in the languages and oral traditions of the Himalayas,is following in that tradition.His recently published book,A Grammar of Thangmi with an Ethnolinguistic Introduction to the Speakers and Their Culture,grows out of his experience living,working,and raising a family in a village in Nepal.

Documenting the Thangmi language and culture is just a starting point for Turin,who seeks to include other languages and oral traditions across the Himalayan reaches of

India,Nepal,Bhutan,and China.But he is not content to simply record these voices before they disappear without record.

At the University of Cambridge Turin discovered a wealth of②important materials—including photographs,films,tape recordings,and field notes—which had remained unstudied and were badly in need of care and protection.

Now,through the two organizations that he has founded—the Digital Himalaya Project and the World Oral Literature Project—Turin has started a campaign to make such documents,found in libraries and stores around the world,available not just to scholars but to the younger generations of communities from whom the materials were originally collected.Thanks to digital technology and the widely available Internet,Turin notes,the endangered languages can be saved and reconnected with speech communities.

1.Many scholars are making efforts to______. A.promote global languages B.rescue disappearing languages C.search for language communities D.set up language research organizations

2.What does“that tradition”in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.Having full records of the languages. B.Writing books on language teaching. C.Telling stories about language users. D.Living with the native speakers. 3.What is Turin’s book based on? A.The cultural studies in India. B.The documents available at Yale. C.His language research in Bhutan. D.His personal experience in Nepal.

4.Which of the following best describes Turin’s work? A.Write,sell and donate. B.Record,repair and reward. C.Collect,protect and reconnect. D.Design,experiment and report.

[第97页 Passage 1] (2015湖北,B)

题材:日常生活

词数:385

What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t a prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle.On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles,Loe and her family grow,can(装罐)and preserve much of the food they consume.

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Loe is a master food preserver,gardener and canning expert.She also operates a website,where she shares her tips and recipes,with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate.

Loe initially went to school to become an engineer,but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food.“I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草)and foods for that fresh flavor,”she said.Engineer by day,Loe learned cooking at night school.She ultimately①purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.

“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,”Loe said.Through her website Loe emphasizes that“anybody can do this anywhere.”Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)?Plant some herbs.A window?Perfect spot for growing.Start with

herbs,she recommends,because“they’re very forgiving.”Just a little of the herbs“can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,”she added.“I think it’s a great place to start.”Then?Try growing something from a seed,she said,like a tomato or some tea. Canning is a natural extension②of the planting she does.With every planted food,Loe noted,there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor.“I try and keep it in a time capsule③in a canning jar,”Loe said.“Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food,knowing where it comes from.”

In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating,another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children:“Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,”she said,“that if we don’t take care of the earth,no one will.” 1.The underlined word“prerequisite”(Para.1)is closest in meaning to“______”. A.recipe B.substitute C.requirement D.challenge 2.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?

A.They are used daily. B.They are easy to grow. C.They can grow very tall. D.They can be eaten uncooked.

3.According to Loe,what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?

A.It can preserve their best flavor. B.It can promote her online sales. C.It can better her cooking skills. D.It can improve their nutrition.

4.What is the“the bigger picture”(Para.6)that Loe wishes her children to understand? A.The knowledge about good food. B.The way to live a grow-our-own life. C.The joy of getting in touch with foods. D.The responsibility to protect our earth.

[第102页 Passage 1] (2015江苏,B)

题材:环境保护

词数:391

In the United States alone,over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each

year.Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含量)of gold and other precious metals was higher in so-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals. Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances

①to escape into the environment.

Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging (包装)it came in. Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in that “the production, distribution②,and use of products—as well as management of the resulting waste—all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start—for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive(动机)for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

Governments’ incentive③to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, they ask, should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased④your television?

From the governments’ point of view, a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers. 1.By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that______. A.the weight of e-goods is rather small B.e-waste deserves to be made good use of C.natural minerals contain more precious metals

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