英语翻译理论与实践

《英汉翻译理论与实践1》课程讲稿

（选自《推销员之死》，英若诚译）

讲评：

威利因输钱出言不逊，遭到了邻居查理的反唇相讥：You ought to be ashamed of yourself!这句话深深地刺到了穷困潦倒、失业在家的威利的痛处。本能的一声“Yeah?”包含着自卫、挑战和反抗。译者准确地把握住了这一隐含意图，根据情节的发展将其译为：“你说谁？”“说你！”这样的处理可谓合情合理、顺理成章。原文的连贯性也得以成功复现。

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《英汉翻译理论与实践1》课程讲稿

Discourse Translation

◇Teaching Contents:

I. Comment on the Homework II. Procedures of Translation

Lexical Analyzing 形态－词法分析过程； Syntactic Analyzing 句法结构分析过程； Semantic Analyzing 情境－语义分析过程； Stylistic Analyzing 风格特点分析过程； Sentence Constructing 构句过程； Sentence Refining 修辞优化过程

III. Steps of Translation

A. Sentence Structure Analyzing 分析句子结构

e.g. Returning, then, to the consideration of the question, from which I may seem to have digressed, thus much I think I have made good, -- that, whether or no a Catholic university should put before it, as its great object, to make its students “gentlemen”, still to make them something or other is its great object, and not simply to protect the interests and advance the dominion of Science.

B. Condensing 紧缩主干

e.g. This being undeniable, it is plain that, when he suggests to the Irish Hierarchy the establishment of a university, his first and chief and direct object is, not science, art, professional skill, literature, the discovery of knowledge, but some benefit or other, to accrue, by means of literature and science, to his own children; not indeed their formation on any narrow or fantastic type, as, for instance, that of an ―English Gentleman‖, but their exercise and growth in certain habits, moral or intellectual.

C. Streamlining 理清脉络

D. Meaning Distinguishing 辨析语义

1. Meaning in lexical and semantic context 形态语义关系

e.g. quarterfinal; neo-liberalism

2. Meaning in grammatical context 语法层次关系

e.g. his nursing mother vs. the profession of nursing; curtain vs. curtains; 很难吃

3. Meaning in textual context 词语联立关系

e.g. Science of defense for ladies 4. Meaning in cultural context 语言文化关系

e.g. Christmas stockings; 过五关、斩六将 5. Meaning in emotive context 感情色彩关系

e.g. 怕他不来

6. Meaning in referential context 指涉呼应关系

e.g. – Sponge? I never drink like a sponge! – Well, I don’t think so. 7. Meaning in logical context 思维逻辑关系

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《英汉翻译理论与实践1》课程讲稿

e.g. He has no opinion; he just takes his color from the company he is in.（人云亦云）

Every couple is not a pair. 成双未必成对。 8. Meaning in professional context

E. Relocating 调整搭配

Four principles:

1) Whether the semantic content is faithfully presented; 2) Whether the stylistic form is truly presented;

3) Whether the grammatical relations are faithfully presented; 4) Whether the translation is readable and intelligible.

F. Refining 润色词语

Three Criteria: accurate, concise, beautiful 准，精，美

G. Checking 审核校对 : basic facts and figures

IV. Translationese in E-C Translation

A. Inflexible Diction 措词死板

e.g. He is taller than any other students in the class. 他比（班上其他任何一个同学）班上的同学都高

e.g. I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy – I would have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. 我追寻着爱，首先是因为爱能带来极度的欢乐——我愿（牺牲我所有的余生）倾我一生来换取这片刻的幸福。

B. Improper collocation 搭配不当

e.g. write a check 开支票

e.g. Beset by the rise of television and postal rates, the magazine was folded by Time Inc. in 1972, 36 years after its founding.

在电视普及和邮资上涨的夹攻之下……

C. Neglect of the Context 忽略语境

e.g. Galileo’s greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolved around the Sun rather than around the Earth.

伽利略（最大的光荣）最光辉的业绩在于……

D. Inconsistency of the Style 风格不统一

e.g. Quite clearly, the third world has changed much since the 1950s and their old cliché-ridden image of that period can hardly apply to them now. ……当年那种陈腐的旧形象与它们现时的情况已（对不上号）不可同日而语了。 e.g. – It appears that you’ve got the offer of a very good job. – A wonderful job.

– Are you going to take it?

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《英汉翻译理论与实践1》课程讲稿

– I don’t think so. – Why not?

– I don’t want to.

E. Translation of When- Clause “当当不已”

e.g. Helen was relieved when she went back home and saw the diamond still locked in the safe.

海伦回到家中，看见那颗钻石仍然锁在保险箱里，这才松了一口气（放下心来）。 e.g. He was about to leave when he noticed the owner of the bookshop beckoning at him. 他正要离开，忽然注意到（看到）书店老板在向他招手。

e.g. He says he hasn’t got any money when in fact he’s got thousands of dollars in his account.

他说他没钱，其实（可事实上）他的户头里有几千美元。

F. Translation of Pronoun “它它不绝”

e.g. The shopman offers a third (apple); but before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour.

店员又给了你第三个苹果，可是没吃之前你仔细看了看，发现这苹果又硬又青，于是立即就说不要了，因为这苹果肯定酸。

G. Translation of Attributive “的的不休”

e.g. The most complex and enigmatic of Giacometti’s Surrealist works, Palace at Four A.M., is a sculptural construction consisting of seemingly unrelated objects placed in a fragile environment defined by the thin wooden skeletal frame of the ―palace.‖ 《凌晨四点的宫殿》是贾克梅蒂最为复杂和高深莫测的一件超现实主义雕刻作品：一座细木条做的“宫殿”，形状就象一副骨架；在这易碎的环境里，放臵着一个个看似毫无关联的物体。

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