车辆工程本科毕业设计论文：重型汽车双前桥转向系统优化设计

哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）

东风DFL1310载重车双前桥转向

系统优化设计

摘 要

汽车的双前转向桥转向轮产生异常磨损是较普遍的现象,本文以某型号的双前轴转向载货汽车技术参数作为研究对象，进行转向系统结构参数的优化，从而减少轮胎磨损。首先根据该车型底盘改装手册中参数用CATIA建立三维运动模型，从而加深自己对该车型转向系统的理解并以此作为后续数学分析与建模的依据；接着通过运用数学知识从整体考虑双前桥系统转向机构，建立了参数化的汽车双前桥转向系统数学模型；然后运用MATLAB软件将数学模型进行编程并建立总体的优化目标函数以进行运算，最终得到了双前桥转向系统部分结构的优化参数，接着通过编写程序对优化后一轴及二轴内外轮转向半径与理论值进行对比分析，得出优化取得较好结果的结论；最后依据CATIA建立的三维模型用CAD绘制出二维工程图纸。

关键词：双前桥转向系统，CATIA三维建模，克曼原理，MATLAB优化仿真

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哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）

The double front axle of Dongfeng truck steering System optimization design

Abstract

Auto double front axle steering knuckle steering wheel to generate abnormal wear is a more common phenomenon,this paper to a certain type of double front axle steering truck technology parameters as the research object,to the optimization of the structure parameters of the system,to reduce tyre wear.According to the vehicle chassis modification manual parameters to establish three-dimensional model with CATIA,so as to deepen their understanding of the vehicle steering system as the analysis and modeling of subsequent mathematical basis；then through the double front axle system using mathematical knowledge from the overall consideration of the steering mechanism,establish the double front axle steering system parametric mathematical model；then use the mathematical model with MATLAB software programming and the optimization objective function to establish the overall operation,finally got the optimized parameters of dual front axle steering system parts of the structure,and then through the preparation process of the optimized one axis and two axis wheel steering radius were compared with the theoretical value analysis,obtains success；finally,based on the 3D CATIA model established by CAD to draw the 2D engineering drawings.

Key Words：Double front axle steering system,CATIA modeling,Ackerman

principle,MATLAB simulation and optimization

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哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）

目 录

摘 要 ....................................................................................................................... I Abstract .................................................................................................................. II 第 1 章 绪论 ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1 本课题研究目的和意义 .............................................................................. 1 1.2 国内外研究现状概述 .................................................................................. 2 1.3 本课题研究内容及技术方案 ...................................................................... 3 1.4 本设计的特色 .............................................................................................. 4 第 2 章 双前桥转向系统理论 ............................................................................. 5 2.1 双前桥转向系统理论 .................................................................................. 5 2.1.1 转向系统设计的基本要求 ................................................................... 5 2.1.2 双前桥转向系统结构 ........................................................................... 6 2.1.3 两轴汽车转向时理想的内、外前轮转角关系 ................................... 7 2.1.4 双前轴转向汽车转向时的理想的同侧车轮转角关系 ....................... 8 2.2 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 10 第 3 章 双前桥转向系统 CATIA 运动模型 .................................................... 11 3.1 CATIA软件介绍 ........................................................................................ 11 3.2 建立双前桥转向系统零部件三维模型 .................................................... 12 3.2.1 建立一桥横梁三维数模 ..................................................................... 12 3.2.2 建立一桥左、右转向节三维数模 ..................................................... 12 3.2.3 建立一桥转向节臂三维数模 ............................................................. 14 3.2.4 建立一桥左右转向梯形臂三维数模 ................................................. 14 3.2.5 建立拉杆球头总成三维数模 ............................................................. 15 3.2.6 建立拉杆卡箍三维数模 ..................................................................... 15 3.2.7 建立拉杆体三维数模 ......................................................................... 16 3.2.8 建立转向器三维数模 ......................................................................... 16 3.2.9 建立部分车架三维数模 ..................................................................... 17 3.3 建立双前桥转向系统三维装配模型 ........................................................ 17 3.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 19 第 4 章 双前桥转向系统的优化 ....................................................................... 20 4.1 MATLAB软件介绍 .................................................................................... 20 4.2 基于MATLAB的双前桥转向汽车转向机构运动模型 .......................... 20

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哈尔滨工业大学本科毕业论文（设计）

4.2.1 双前桥转向理论 ................................................................................. 20 4.2.2 双前桥转向系统数学模型的建立 ..................................................... 22 4.2.3 第一轴转向垂臂机构数学模型 ......................................................... 22 4.2.4 第二轴转向垂臂机构数学模型 ......................................................... 24 4.2.5 摇臂机构总模型 ................................................................................. 24 4.2.6 梯形机构模型 ..................................................................................... 25 4.2.7 建立优化目标函数 ............................................................................. 26 4.3 用Matlab进行仿真 ................................................................................... 26 4.3.1 编写Matlab仿真程序 ........................................................................ 26 4.3.2 编写Matlab调用程序 ........................................................................ 28 4.3.3 用Matlab进行优化 ............................................................................ 28 4.3.4 对优化结果进行仿真检验 ................................................................. 29 4.4 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 32 第 5 章 平面二维图纸的绘制 ........................................................................... 33 5.1 CAD软件简介 ............................................................................................ 33 5.2 绘制CAD工程图纸 .................................................................................. 33 5.3 本章小结 .................................................................................................... 34 结 论 ................................................................................................................... 35 致 谢 ................................................................................................................... 36 参考文献 ............................................................................................................... 37

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