西方法谚精选

The expression of what is tacitly implied is inoperative. 只是暗指却没有明说的表达不起作用。

False spelling or false grammar do not vitiate a grant. 拼写错误和语法错误并不影响七月底成立。

An error in the name is nothing when there is certainty as to the person. 若能够确定本人，名字的错误就无关紧要。

Surplusage does not vitiate that which in other respects is good and valid. 冗语赘言无害。

Mere false description does not vitiate if there be sufficient certainty as to the object. 如果描述的客体具有足够的确定性，那么单纯的描述错误就不会构成损害。 The expression of one thing is the exclusion of another. 明示其一即排斥其他。

The mention of one person is the exclusion of another. 提及一人即排斥其他人。

The express mention of one thing implies the exclusion of another. 明确提及一件事就意味着排除另一件事。

The designation of one is the exclusion of the other and that which is expressed prevails over that which is implied.

指定了一个，就排除了其他；明示的优于默示的。

Relative words refer to the antecedent, unless by such construction the meaning of the sentence would be impaired.

关系词就是意指先行词，除非如果采用这种解释，句子的含义会受到损害。 He who considers merely the letter of an instrument goes but skin-deep into its meaning. 如果只是考虑了法律文件的字面意思，那么对此就只是获得了肤浅的理解。 A thing is named from its principal part. 物以其主要部分命名。

Ames are mutable, but things immutable. 名称是可以改变的，但是事物时不可改变的。 Names are the symbols of things. 名称是事物的符号。

Wills ought to have the broadest interpretation. 对遗嘱应作广义解释。 To write is to act. 写下文字即在行为。 四、 法律程序

（一）正当程序

A suit is a civil warfare; for as the plaintiffs are armed with actions, and as it were, girded with swords, so the defendants are fortified with pleas, and are defended, as it were, by shields.

诉讼系一场和平战争，原告有诉权武装，犹如持刀剑进攻；被告有抗辩护身，犹如持盾牌防御。 A jurisdiction act by a judge without jurisdiction is void; but a ministerial act, from whomsoever proceeding, may be ratified.

没有司法管辖权的法官所作的司法行为是无效的，但一项行政行为，不论由谁做出，都是可以事后追认的。

Whichever of two parties has the division, the other has the choice. 双方当事人之间，如果有权做出分配，则另一方有权优先挑选。 He who seeks equity must do equity. 要求公平者必须公平待人。

He who comes into equity must come with clean hands. 到衡平法院来起诉者必须自己清白。 Every action proceeds into its own course. 每一诉讼都按其自身的程序进行。 Legal form is essential form. 法律的形式是至关重要的形式。

When form is not observed, a nullity of the act is inferred. 如果没有遵循法律形式，就可能导致行为无效。 When form is not observed, a failure of action ensues. 不遵守诉讼程序者，必遭败诉。 Hasty justice is stepmother of misfortune. 仓促审判是人为的不幸。

It is the duty of a good judge to issue judgments without delay. 及时做出判决是每一个好法官的职责。

No man ought to be his own judge, or administer justice in cases where his relations are concerned. 任何人不得自己审判自己或与自身有利害关系的案件。

A person ought not to be judge in his own cause, because he can not act as judge and party. 任何人不得在自己的案件中担任法官，因为他不能既是当事人又是法官。 It is wrong for a man to be a judge in his own cause. 在自己的案件中担任法官是错误的。 No man can be judge in his own cause. 任何人都不能充当自己案件的法官。 A judge cannot punish a wrong done to himself.

法官不得处理损害自己的不当行为。 A judge cannot be a witness in his own cause. 法官不得在自己的案件中作证人。 No one ought to be a witness in his own cause. 任何人都不得在自己的案件中充当证人。

The judge does not demand more than the plaintiff demands. 法官不能提出比原告更多的要求。

An issue requires terms of contradiction. (To constitute an issue there must be an affirmative on one side and a negative on the other.)

诉讼应当互相争辩（争讼必然存在肯定方和否定方）。

H who decides anything, a party being unheard, though he should decide right, does wrong. 决定者若只听取一面之词，即使他会正确裁判，也仍然是错误的。

Justice ought to be unbought, because there is nothing more hateful than venal justice; full, for justice ought not to be defective; and quick, for delay is a kind of denial.

裁判不应受金钱收买，因为金钱买到的裁判最可恨；裁判必须全面，因为裁判不可有缺陷；裁判必须迅速，因为延迟裁判等于拒绝裁判。

No man should not be twice vexed for one and the same cause. 任何人不得因同一案件而受两次处理。

No one is prohibited from making use of several defenses. 不能禁止任何人使用多种的辩护手段， No one is restrained from using several defences. 对任何人都得不得限定抗辩事由。 Similar case be treated similarly. 同样的情况应同样处理。

A plaintiff ought not to be allowed what is not permitted to a defendant. 对被告禁止的，同样适用于原告。 No one is bound to litigate himself. 任何人皆无起诉自己的义务。

No one can be compelled to criminate himself. 任何人都不得被迫自证其罪。

No one ought to accuse himself unless before God. 除了在上帝面前，任何人都不应自我归罪。 No one is bound to accuse himself. 任何人都没有义务控告自己。

None can be forced to incriminate himself.

任何人都不必自我归罪。

No one is bound to testify his own baseness. 任何人都没有义务证明他自己的卑劣行为。

No one is bound to expose himself to misfortune and dangers. 任何人都没有义务揭发自己从而使自己陷入不幸或危险的境地。 No one is bound to arm his adversary. 任何人都没有义务武装他的对手。

He ought not to be heard who advances a proposition contrary to the rules of law. 一个人不应该因为提出违反法律规则的观点就受到惩罚。

No one is bound to inform about a thing he knows not, but he who gives information is bound to know what he says.

任何人都没有义务告知他人他自己都不知道的事情，但是告诉过他人的人一定知道他自己说了些什么。

In doubtful cases the more favorable constructions are always to be preferred. 疑案中的解释应能服众。

When opinions are equal, a defendant is acquitted. 当控辩双方理由持平时，应宣告被告人无罪。

Listen to both sides and you will be enlightened, heed only one side and you will benighted. 兼听则明，偏信则暗。

The opportunity of proof is not to be narrowed. 举证机会不得予以限制。 （二）诉讼规则

The order of things is confounded if everyone keeps not his jurisprudiction. 如果人人皆不遵守管辖时，事情就会乱套。 It is the duty of a judge to extend this jurisdiction. 法官应扩大审判权的管辖范围，不得拒绝受理案件。

The plaintiff follows the forum of the property in suit, or the forum of the defendant?s residence. 原告应向争议财产所在地或被告住所地的法院提起诉讼。 The custom of the place where action is brought is to be observed. 起诉地的习惯，应予遵守。

Every one ought to be subject to the law where he offends. 每个违法犯罪的人，都应受犯罪行为地法律的管辖。 Every jurisdiction has its bounds. 每一项管辖，都应该有边界。

No prescription runs against a person unable to bring an action.