2017届高三英语总复习重点突破专题阅读理解

The results support previous data from the same research team that staying up all night—a common practice at college during midterms and finals—decreases the ability to memorize new facts by nearly 40 percent，due to a shutdown of brain regions for lack of sleep，said Walker.

“Sleep is needed to clear the brain's short-term memory storage and make room for new information.”said Walker.“It's as though the e-mail inbox in your brain is full and，until you sleep and clear out those e-mails，you're not going to receive any more e-mails.”

However，Professor Derk-Jan Dijk，the director of the Surrey Sleep Research Centre，said that there was no clear evidence that daytime napping offered a distinct advantage over sleeping soundly just once over 24 hours.

“The sleep-wake cycle is not as fixed as we might think—we have the capability to sleep in different ways.”said Professor Derk-Jan Dijk.

“The size of these effects is much more difficult to judge—if I have to learn something，for example，it's easier to do this when I'm feeling awake and ready than when I'm sleepy.”he added.

语篇解读：这是一篇科普文章，主要介绍了有关睡眠问题的两个研究。这两个研究共同的结论是：充足的睡眠有利于提高学习成绩。

1．According to UC Berkeley's new findings，the benefit of a nap is that ________. A．it helps to fix a napper's sleep-wake cycle

B．it makes hard learning tasks not difficult any more C．it allows the brain to make room for new learning D．it gives nappers chances to clear out their memory storage

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段的第一句和第五段第一句话Sleep is needed to clear the brain's short-term memory storage and make room for new information可知，C项正确。

答案：C

2．Matthew Walker's study shows that ________.

A．learning ability in the morning is usually higher than that in the afternoon B．extra working hours before an exam can make up for the lack of daily efforts C．the size of the effects of napping depends on when it is taken

D．staying up late before an exam does not necessarily improve students' exam performance

解析：推理判断题。由第四段可知，考试前熬夜可使记忆力降低将近40%，由此可推断，考试前熬夜看书不一定会提高考试成绩。

答案：D

3．The two research teams mentioned in the text may both agree that ________.

A．people's sleep-wake cycle decides the length of the midday nap B．sufficient sleep betters people's learning performance

C．scientific experiments are undependable as the results are often hard to judge D．the differences in their findings result from different methods applied

解析：推理判断题。通读全文内容，从文章前五段结合最后一段可知，两项研究都赞同的一点是：充足的睡眠有助于提高学习成绩。即B项正确。

答案：B

4．What can we learn from this passage? A．Rolling your eyes can stop you from napping. B．Some people might move themselves when sleeping.

C．College students tend to study late into night before important exams. D．Sleeping once over 24 hours is much better than daytime napping.

解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The results support previous data from the same research team that staying up all night—a common practice at college during midterms and finals”可知C项正确，即大学生在重要的考试之前常学习到深夜。

答案：C

①“Sleep not only rights the wrong of extended wakefulness but it moves you beyond where you were before you took a nap.”said Matthew Walker，an assistant professor of psychology at UC Berkeley and the lead investigator of UC Berkeley sleep studies.

伯克利州，加利福尼亚大学一位心理学教授的助教兼加利福尼亚大学睡眠研究的带头调查员，马休·沃克说：“睡眠不仅纠正了过度清醒的错误，而且还推动你使你超越小憩前状态。”

②The results support previous data from the same research team that staying up all night—a common practice at college during midterms and finals—decreases the ability to memorize new facts by nearly 40 percent，due to a shutdown of brain regions for lack of sleep，said Walker.

沃克说：“这些结果支持先前来自同一研究小组的数据，即大学中普遍存在的期中和期末考试的熬夜惯例，会降低40%记忆新知识的能力。这是由于缺乏睡眠而造成大脑区域停止运作而造成的。”

B

(2015·全国卷Ⅰ)Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly，flies like a fat chicken，eats green leaves，has the stomach of a cow and has claws(爪) on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6 m above

the river，an important feature(特征) for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.

In appearance，the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small，with a large set of feathers on the top，bright red eyes，and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds，cuckoos. Its most striking feature，though，is only found in the young.

Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws，together with the beak(喙)，they can climb about in the bushes，looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws.

During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

When danger comes in the form of a snake or a monkey，the young hoatzins—maybe three in one family—jump over the side and into the river. They swim about under the water until it is safe to return and then，using their claws，lift themselves up through the branches and get back home. When they have learned to fly they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree. 语篇解读：这是一篇说明文，介绍生活在南美的亚马逊河流域的一种叫hoatzin的鸟，介绍其身体特征和生活习性。

5．What is the text mainly about? A．Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons. B．The relatives and enemies of hoatzins. C．Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon. D．The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

解析：主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了hoatzin的外观和其生活习性，故D项正确。 答案：D

6．Young hoatzins are different from their parents in that ________. A．they look like young cuckoos B．they have claws on the wings C．they eat a lot like a cow D．they live on river banks

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段第一句和最后一句话可知，baby hoatzin有四个脚爪(claw)，而当它们会飞以后，这些脚爪就消失了。所以雏鸟和成鸟的区别就是雏鸟有脚爪。

答案：B

7．What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?

A．They had claws to help them climb. B．They could fly long distances. C．They had four wings like hoatzins.

D．They had a head with long feathers on the top.

解析：推理判断题。第三段说，hoatzin的幼鸟用四只脚爪和喙在灌木丛中攀爬。由此推断，幼鸟的脚爪是用来帮助其攀爬的。

答案：A

8．Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes? A．To find more food.

B．To protect themselves better. C．To keep themselves warm. D．To produce their young.

解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句话可知，它们在雨季聚在一起是为了繁殖后代，故D项正确。

答案：D

①During the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20 to 30 birds，but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes.

在12月到3月之间较干燥的季节里，hoatzins会二十只到三十只一群飞越森林，但是在4月份，当雨季开始时，因为情势需要，它们就会聚集为较小的生活群体，两只到七只一组。

②When they have learned to fly they lose their claws and escape enemies not by swimming but by flying off，in a slow and heavy way，to a neighboring tree.

当他们已学会飞翔时，他们就失去了爪子；它们逃避敌人的办法不再是游泳，而是以一种缓慢而笨重的方式，飞到临近的树木上。

C

(2015·浙江高考)My family and I lived across the street from Southway Park since I was four years old. Then just last year the city put a chain link fence around the park and started bulldozing(用推土机推平) the trees and grass to make way for a new apartment complex. When I saw the fence and bulldozers，I asked myself，“Why don't they just leave it alone？”

Looking back，I think what sentenced the park to oblivion(被遗忘) was the drought(旱灾) we had about four years ago. Up until then，Southway Park was a nice green park with