山东省潍坊市2018届高三下学期第一次模拟考试英语试题

B

The Moth Café deserves praise on at least two fronts—for offering vegan(素食主义者)food that is both interesting and delicious，and for livening up a section of east Jasper Avenue in desperate need of help．

The first accomplishment is no surprise．The family-owned new restaurant brings a new，all plant-based menu(without dairy or egg)，but with the same focus on tasty，inventive food．Its brave location，net to what was once the Chinatown Mall but is now abandoned，gives further hope that this neighborhood is finally coming bac to life．A new LRT station is under construction to the west．

The shopping mall that is home to The Moth has become a tiny oasis(绿洲)among these blocs-in-transition．On a recent Saturday night，only a month after opening，The Moth is doing a solid business with a mostly under-30 crowd．Inside，the room is bright and airy，with high ceilings，eposed bric，light wood and touches of greenery．

The food menu isn’t huge，covering a selection of small bites，all-day breafast，soups and mains．What is huge is the drins menu．There are coffees and tea available．While there are plans to include beer and wine in the future，the present bar is limited to a variety of gin-and-tonics．There’s also a non-alcoholic bar offering trendy tea in flavors．

In fact，I was impressed with the whole eperience at The Moth，though I have yet to figure out the name．Is it an etraordinary superhero thing? A moth(飞蛾)-to-flame similarity? But then wouldn’t the cafe be called The Flame，not The Moth? No matter，the family behind the new restaurant continues to do its own unique and special thing in an under-served part of the city，and for that，it deserves support． 24．What does the underlined phrase“livening up”in Paragraph 1 mean?

A．Setting up． B．eeping up． C．Giving life to． D．Maing a living for． 25．What can we learn from the menus? A．Mil and eggs are served all day． B．The menu focuses on traditional food． C．Alcoholic drins are limited at present． D．Coffees are not included in the drins menu．

26．What’s the author’s attitude towards The Moth Café? A．Appreciative． B．Tolerant． C．Cautious． 27．What’s the purpose of writing the tet?

A．To promote an eating style． B．To advocate a vegan diet． C．To recover a declining business．D．To introduce a new restaurant．

C

Some anthropologists suggested that the tendency of languages is more liely to contain words useful to their speaers．A study just published by Asifa Majid at Radboud University supports this．

Dr Majid new from her previous wor that the Jahai，a group of hunter-gatherers in Malaysia，are remarably good at naming odors(气味)．When she ased some Jahai and American volunteers to name colors and odors they were presented with，the Americans generally agreed with one another when it came to naming colors but agreed much less when putting names to odors．When presented with baby powder they offered wa，baby oil，toilet paper and rose as descriptions．Jabai’s answers，however，were in equal agreement about both odors and colors．

Dr Majid suggested that it might be because the Jahai have a doen words to describe different sorts of smells in the abstract．For eample，the Jahai use the word“cas”for the sorts of smells associated with petrol，smoe and various insects，and“ple”for bloody，fishy and meaty sorts of smells．

Dr Majid also looed at how two other groups of people from the Malay Peninsula used terms for colors and odors．These were the Semaq Beri，who also hunt and gather for a living，and the Semelai，who grow rice．Their languages are closely related and they both live in the rainforest．Researchers ased the two groups to name odors and colors presented to them at random and found that the Semaq Beri used abstract terms for odors 86％of the time about as often as they did for colors．The Semelai also used abstract color descriptions at a similar rate， namely 78％of the time．But when it came to describing odors they relied on abstraction on only 44％ of occasions．

Given these findings and with the earlier study with the Jahai，Dr Majid argues that it is the hunting-and-gathering way of life，rather than the use of a particular language，that is vital to the use of abstract names for odors．

D．Uninterested．

28．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2 about American volunteers? A．They had more odors in life． B．They new fewer odor names． C．They used more odor names． D．They were familiar with odor names． 29．How did the researcher carry out the study? A．By asing questions randomly． B．By changing people’s way of life． C．By comparing two groups of people． D．By living together with people involved．

30．What does the underlined word“they”refer to in Paragraph 4 ? A．The Jahai． C．The Semelai．

B．The Semaq Beri． D．The Americans．

31．What is the tet mainly about? A．Lifestyle and odor names． B．Lifestyle and color names． C．Language and its vocabulary． D．Language and human races．

D

There is an old joe among pilots that says the ideal flight crew is a computer，a pilot and a dog．The computer’s job is to fly the plane．The pilot is there to feed the dog．And the dog's job is to bite the pilot if he tries to touch the computer．

Handing comple tass to computers is not new．But recent progress in machine learning，a subfield of artificial intelligence(AI)，has enabled computers to handle many problems which were previously beyond them．The result has been an AI boom，with computers moving into everything from medical diagnosis and insurance to self-driving cars．

There is a problem，though．Machine learning wors by giving computers the ability to train themselves，which adapts their programming to the tas at hand．People struggle to understand eactly how those self-written programs do what they do．When algorithms(运算法)are doing small tass，such as playing chess or recommending a film to watch，this“blac bo”problem can be safely ignored．When they are deciding who gets a loan，or how to drive a car through a crowded city，it is potentially harmful．And when things go wrong，then customers，regulators and the courts will want to now why．

For some people this is a reason to hold bac AI．France’s digital-economy minister，Mounir Mahjoubi，has said that the government should not use any algorithm whose decisions cannot be eplained．But that is an overreaction．The difficulties caused by clever computers are not unheard—of．Society already has plenty of eperience dealing with problematic blac boes；the most common are called

human beings，who can’t even figure out what’s going on in a brain．In response to the weaness in humans，society has evolved a series of worable coping mechanisms，called laws，rules and regulations．Many of these can be applied to machines as well.

Humans have wored with computers on comple tass for decades．One lesson from such applications is that，wherever possible，people should supervise(监督)the machines．In that joe，pilots are vital in case something happens that is beyond the scope of artificial intelligence．As computers spread，companies and governments should ensure the first line of defence is a real person who can overrule the algorithms if necessary．

32．Why is the joe mentioned in Paragraph 1 ? A．To mae people laugh．

B．To foresee future aeroplane industry． C．To introduce the latest model of aeroplanes．

D．To raise people’s awareness of computers performing comple tas． 33．What has caused the increasing application of computers in various fields? A．The shortage of labor force． B．The rise of artificial intelligence． C．The encouragement of government． D．The development of medical economy． 34．Why aye some people opposed to AI? A．Blac boes always go wrong． B．Laws forbid machine learning． C．They don’t understand how AI wors． D．Computers are trying to replace human beings． 35．What does the author suggest people do with AI? A．Stop panic and welcome AI． B．Reduce the usage of algorithms． C．Supervise AI wherever possible．

D．Program machines by copying their own behavior．