2019版高考英语（课标版）一轮复习题组优化训练：第二部分 专题五 名词

专题五 名词

题组1 常见名词后缀

1.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),69]This development was only possible with the (introduce) of

electric-powered engines and lifts.

2.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),61]But for tourists like me, pandas are its top (attract).

3.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ),48]Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, who lived

from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the (develop) of chopsticks.

4.[2015江苏,32]Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer

reform.

5.[2014湖北,21]Her (motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher

education.

6.[2013江西,22]Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out with (patient).

题组2 名词的数

7.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ),62]This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)...has had some

unintended side (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.

8.[2017丙卷(全国Ⅲ),47]She has turned down several (invitation) to star at shows in order to

concentrate on her studies.

9.[2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ),66]Recent (study) show that we are far more productive at work ... 10.[2017乙卷(全国Ⅰ)改错]The instructor kept repeating the word, \!\!\12.[2015新课标全国Ⅰ改错]The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.

11.[2016丙卷(全国Ⅲ)改错]The teenage year from 13 to 19 were the most difficult time for me.

A组基础题

A单句填空

13.[2018 全国名校第二次大联考,68]I would never make the (associate) until that day. 14.[2018 湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试,64]It was the moment that continuously inspired her to

bring great happiness and (excite) to her students...

15.[2018 河南八市高三第二次测评,64]It is not new — the basic (principle) have been

understood since the early 19th century.

16.[2018 湖南浏阳第二、五、六三校联考,69]I felt in both my (pocket)for the keys:They were not

there.

17.[2018 山东实验中学二诊,64]I have noticed how the music changes one’s view,and I am thankful for

the way musicians work to the best of their (able) to provide music for their audience.

18.[2018贵州黔东南州第一次联考,64]The Great Wall has a history of more than 2,000 (year). 19.[2018华大新高考联盟教学质量测评,64]One punctuation mark can make a big (differ). 20.[2018甘肃天水三中第二次段考,65]I obviously had made the wrong (choose) because the

next morning I woke only a short while before sunrise.

21.[2018福建福州综合质量检测,68]The snake’s defense inspired him to create a set of 72 movements,

which used (soft) and power from inside to defeat violent force.

22.[2018江西赣州十四县市期中联考,69]She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and brought

me into her world: a world of smiles, love and (warm).

23.[2017河南重点中学高三联考,69]Actually, it was a hidden camera experiment by Norwegian charity

SOS Children’s Village as part of their winter campaign to collect (donate) to help Syrian children get through the winter.

24.[2017湖南长沙长郡中学高三调研,63]But much like other sports events, a lot of professional

(compete)rule the triathlon world.

25.[2017河南八市高三质检,65]Choosing what places to visit in Dubai is difficult, because even the

hotels there are also amazing (attract).

26.[2017广东珠海高三调研,4]A few of the parents seem to go out of their way to add to their children’s

(difficult).

27.[2016河北\五个一名校联盟\高三教学监测,68]Actually with my (confident) built up, I now

turn out to be a great speaker.

B单句改错

28.[2018河南豫南豫北名校精英联赛]The second problem is making friend.

part in.

29.[2018湖北鄂南高中、华师一附中、黄冈中学等八校联考]There are many kinds of activity for us to take

30.[2018湖南衡阳联考]First, smoking is bad for one’s healthy.

for me.

31.[2018安徽知名示范高中质量检测]Lacking exercises, I thought that this activity was a great challenge

32.[2018河南洛阳期中考试]Everyone decided to donate some biscuits and little blanket for the animals.

33.[2018山东实验中学二诊]That surely gave us a great sense of achievements.

it’s always full of life.

34.[2018湖南益阳、湘潭调研]On the one hand, it stands straight and stays green all the years around, so

35.[2018福建福州综合质量检测]Most people directly link senior high school life with plenty of stress and

endless homeworks.

36.[2018黑龙江大庆四校联考]By the way, after the contest, I am to drop in at your universities to visit

you.

37.[2017山西重点中学高三期中联考]China created 10.67 million new jobs in the first nine month of 2016.

38.[2017江西六校高三联考]Last year there was a piano competition for teenager in my city and I took

part in it.

39.[2017吉林实验中学高三模拟]When I was a very young children, my father created a regular practice I

remember well years later.

40.[2016江西九江一中高三模拟]The most important rules of learning English is, \

making mistakes.\

B组提升题

A专项语篇型填空(名词)

Look at this photo. Lucy went on her trip to the 1 (mountain)! She’s really a born 2 (beautiful), isn’t she? Well, I’m just telling the 3 (true). She once told me that she usually put cucumber slices on her face, those little greenish 4 (thing). Haven’t you heard they say on TV that cucumbers soften the skin, wipe out the 5 (rough) and build 6 (strong)? Yeah! They wipe out tight, tired feelings and remove lines and age 7 (sign).

As for me, I have a 8 (prefer)for a walk in the open. For one thing, the fresh air can help me get rid of those negative 9 (feel), thus making me refreshed for the day’s work again.

Actually, staying energetic and keeping beautiful are a 10 (necessary) for us in our career. Being energetic, we can pace ourselves and work more efficiently. Staying young with good looks, we’ll be more confident in our daily work.

B语法填空

[2018洛阳尖子生联考]I have never liked my English name. My parents didn’t know that Cindy was short for Cynthia, or that Cindy Brady was the Cindy of the moment. They 61 (choose) it because it sounds like my Chinese name, Shin-tzer.

My name isn’t full of flowers like most Chinese girls’ names. My grandfather wanted me to have 62 (strong) of character, not mere physical beauty. \It’s just a couple of syllables that sound good together.

I grew up 63 (speak) English and eating with a fork. Yet the customs about names are extremely 64 (tradition), down to our use of an ancient naming poem.

Most Chinese names are 65 of a kind, a coupling of two words out of thousands of possibilities expressing the family’s hopes for the child. It was March when my brother and his wife 66 (expect) their second boy. The emails began to fly as we conferred about the baby’s Chinese name. My brother’s wife is Korean, so the name had to sound good 67 Korean, too. One thing was certain — his name would contain the word \, or \, 68 can also mean \ 69 (six) word of a couplet that my family has used to name its 70 (son) for generations.

C短文改错

[2018惠州高三第一次调研]Last Friday, we were having our class while our teacher Miss Li suddenly slipped and fall on the ground. All the students were concern about her. Helped by some students, I carried her on back to the clinic immediately. Her left leg was turned out to be broken and she had to stay in hospital for half a month. The following day, we paid a visit for her with flowers and fruits. See her leg wrapped in bandage, all of us felt sorry for her, hoping she would recover soon. Unexpectedly, only five days late, Miss Li returned to the class on a wheelchair to give us lessons. We were deep moved, all rising to applaud her.

答案

专题五 名词

题组1 常见名词后缀

1.introduction 考查词性转换。由前面的定冠词the可知,其后应接名词,又introduction作\引进\讲时,为不可数名词。故填introduction。

2.attraction 考查词性转换。句意:但对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是其最吸引人的事物。由形容词性物主代词its以及形容词top可知,此处应该填动词attract的名词单数形式attraction,意为\吸引人之物\。 3.development 考查词性转换。根据空前的\及空后的\可知,此处应填develop的名词形式development。

4.adjustments 句意:为了与国家的足球改革保持一致,一些学校将不得不作出调整。空处作make的宾语,故用提示词adjust的名词形式adjustment\调整,适应\;又根据句意可知此处应用名词复数。

5.motivation 句意:她写作的动力是为妇女争取到接受高等教育权利的愿望。根据句意可知,这里用motivation,表示\动力,动机\。

6.patience 句意:无论什么时候我犯了错,老师总是耐心地把它们指出来。patience\耐心\,with patience\耐心地\,为固定搭配,符合句意。

题组2 名词的数

7.effects 考查名词的单复数。此处表示\产生了一些意想不到的副作用\。根据空前的\及空后的\as overweight and heart disease\可知,此处指不止一种副作用,故用复数形式effects。 8.invitations 考查名词的单复数。invitation是可数名词,前面有several修饰,要用复数形式,故填invitations。 9.studies 考查名词的单复数。分析句子结构可知,谓语动词为show,主语应为复数。故填studies。 10.word→words。考查名词的单复数。根据下文可知,教练一直在重复那些话,故用word的复数形式words。 11.year→years 考查名词的单复数。从13岁至19岁不止有一年,此处为复数概念,故用years。 12.airs→air air为不可数名词,因此把airs改为air。

A组基础题 A单句填空

13.association 提示词为动词,设空处位于冠词之后,故应填其名词形式,构成短语make the association\联系起来\。

14.excitement 设空处前有and,与happiness是并列关系,故此处应用提示词的名词形式与happiness保持一致,应在excite后加-ment。

15.principles 它已经不新鲜了,这个基本原理早在19世纪早期就为人们所了解了。根据空前的the basic后缺主语判断应为名词,再结合空后的have可知,此处应用复数形式,principle的复数形式是直接加-s。 16.pockets 我从我的两个口袋里摸钥匙,都没有。根据句中的both my可知,这里表示两个口袋,用名词的复数形式。

17.ability/abilities 此处表示音乐家的能力,应用提示词able的名词形式ability,而ability单复数形式均可表示才能,故填ability/abilities。

18.years 空前有数词\,000\,故应用years。

19.difference make a difference为固定搭配,表示\有影响,起作用\。动词differ需要变为其名词形式。 20.choice make the wrong choice意为\作出了错误的选择\。choose的名词形式是choice,并不是通过加前缀、后缀得来的,而是属于特殊的词形变化。

21.softness 并列连词and后面是名词power,前面也应该用名词。soft的名词是加后缀-ness,在此为不可数名词。

22.warmth \一个充满微笑、爱和温暖的世界\,根据空前的smiles和love可知此处要用名词。warm的名词是加后缀-th,在此为不可数名词。

23.donations 语境表示这个冬季活动是为帮助叙利亚的儿童过冬而开展的募捐,本空用提示词的名词形式donation作宾语,再由上文的collect可知,此处应填donations(募捐物),collect donations是习惯用法,表示\募捐\。

24.competitors 根据语境的a lot of和professional可知本空用提示词的名词形式competitor表示\参赛者\,动词rule决定要用复数形式。

25.attractions 本空填提示词的名词形式attraction作表语,而语境表示甚至那些旅馆都是吸引人的地方,因此用复数形式。

26.difficulty/difficulties 语境表示有些父母似乎要千方百计地给孩子增加困难,本空用提示词的名词形式,此处不可数名词和名词复数均可表示困难。

27.confidence 由形容词性物主代词my可知,此处应用名词形式,即confidence。

B单句改错

28.friend→friends 句意:第二个问题是交朋友。make friends交朋友,为固定搭配,故把friend改为friends。 29.activity→activities 根据句中的many kinds of可知,应用可数名词activity的复数形式。 30.healthy→health 吸烟有害健康,因前面有名词所有格修饰,故应用名词形式health。 31.exercises→exercise exercise用作\锻炼\时为不可数名词,故没有复数形式。 32.blanket→blankets 此处表示一些\小毯子\,故用复数。

33.achievements→achievement achievement在此处为不可数名词,a sense of achievement意为\成就感\。

34.years→year 考查固定搭配。all the year round意为\全年\。