非谓语动词(2)

1. 本讲主要梳理以下知识点： 1) 动名词在句中的形式及作用

2) 动名词作宾语与不定式作宾语的区别

2. 本讲课程涉及的知识点在高考考试大纲中对应的考点为非谓语动词 3. 该考点具体到考核目标与要求为五级知识点

4. 该考点常出现在单项选择题和完形填空题中，大体分值为2-3分 在书面表达中也考查学生运用动名词进行表达的能力

一、知识精讲

(一) 动名词的形式：v.-ing 【例句】

Reading is a good hobby.

Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please? 状元典例

_______ it with me should be a good choice. Trust me.

A. When left B. Leaving C. If you leave D. Leave 答案：B

思路分析：句子中缺少主语，故只能用leaving这个动名词作主语。 1. 否定式：not + 动名词 【例句】

I regret not following his advice.

I should apologize to you for not taking good care of your pets.

状元典例

（安徽卷）—Robert is indeed a wise man.

—Oh, yes. How often I have regretted ______ his advice! A. to take B. taking C. not to take D. not taking 答案：D

思路分析：regret (not)doing/having done sth. 表示“后悔（没）做了某事” ；regret to do sth表示“遗憾去做某事”。结合句意, “我时常后悔没有听他的建议。”故选D项。 2. 动名词的时态 （1）一般式：v-ing

（2）被动式： being + done 【例句】

Nobody likes being laughed at. It’s no fun being lost in rain. 状元典例

Do you remember ______ to Dr. Green during your last visit? A. to be introduced B. having introduced C. being introduced D. to have been introduced 答案：C 思路分析：此处非谓语动词作remember的宾语，而remember后用非谓语动词作宾语时, 可以用v-ing形式, v-ing形式表示的动作已经完成；也可用动词不定式, 表示动作还未发生。根

据后文的during your last visit可知此处非谓语动词表示的动作已经完成, 且与逻辑主语是被动关系, 故用v-ing的被动形式，选C。 （3）完成式：having done 【例句】

I regretted having spoken to him in such a rude way.

状元典例

He denied __________ anything from the supermarket.

A. stealing B. was stealing C. stole D. having stolen

答案：D 思路分析：deny意思是否认做某事，后面要接动名词，而steal这个动作应该是已经发生了，故应用完成时。

（4）完成被动式：having been done 【例句】

He remembered having been shown around when he came to his hometown.

状元典例

（江西卷）I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention when we talked on the phone. A. to promote B. having been promoted C. having promoted D. to be promoted 答案：B

思路分析：句意为：我听说他们提拔了汤姆, 但我们在电话中交谈时汤姆并未提及被提拔之事。mention后跟名词或动名词作宾语, 此处要用动名词的完成被动式表示, “被提拔” 的动作在mention前发生。

3. 动名词的复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词

如果不是在句子开头，这种结构常可以由名词的普通格或人称代词宾格 +动名词构成， 在句中可作主语、宾语等。 【例句】

Do you mind my closing the door? Do you mind me closing the door? My closing the door made him angry. He suggested his leaving at once.

Tom’s (His) being late again made our teacher very angry. 状元典例1

(上海春)_____ the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement. A. The president will attend B. The president to attend C. The president attended D. The president’s attending

答案：D

思路分析：此题为动名词的复合结构在句中作主语,句中the president’s为名词所有格充当动名词attending的逻辑主语。 状元典例2

（安徽卷）I really can’t understand ______ her like that.

A. you treat B. you to treat C. why treat D. you treating 答案：D

思路分析：答案是 you treating, 加主语或者why to treat 不定式, 因为句中是动名词短语作宾语, 而其中的逻辑主语you 也可以换成your。意思是“我真的不明白你（为什么）要那

样对她。”

（二）动名词的句法功能：

1. 作主语： 【例句】

Writing an English composition is not easy.

Doing exercise every day is important for our health. Asking for help is sometimes necessary.

状元典例1 （上海卷）Something as simple as ___ some cold water may clear your mind and relive pressure. A. to drink B. drinking C. to be drinking D. drunk 答案：B

思路分析：本句谓语动词是 clear和relive. 意思是：??可以清醒头脑和减轻压力。Something 正是主语，就是后半句所说的“??”, as simple as 插入进去是作为干扰的, 意思是: Something和??一样简单。设空处应该填上一个和Something一样可以作主语的词，故只能是动名词，故选B。 状元典例2

（四川卷）He told us whether _________ a picnic was still under discussion A. to have B. having C. have D. had 答案：B 思路分析：分析句子可知whether +to do sth. 作了宾语从句的主语, He told us 后省略了宾语从句的引导词that。

注意：it作形式主语时，可用动词不定式，但下列句型中常用动名词：

(1) It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, ..)等名词+doing sth. 【例句】

It is no good objecting.反对也没有用。

It is a waste of time trying to explain．设法解释是浪费时间。 Is it any good telling him the truth right now? It’s no use sitting here waiting. 状元典例

It’s no use _______ about the problem any more.

A. be quarrelling B. quarrelling C. to quarrel D. will quarrel

答案：B

思路分析：本句是考查动名词的固定用法“It is no use doing sth.”,意为：做某事没有用。 (2) It is + useless + doing sth． 【例句】

It’s useless taking this kind of medicine. 2. 作表语 【例句】

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

My mother is a nurse and her job is taking care of patients. =My mother is a nurse and taking care of patients is her job. 状元典例

What worried the child most was ________ to visit his mother in the hospital.

A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed C. his being not allowed D. having not been allowed 答案：B

思路分析：考查对动名词复合结构被动形式及否定形式的掌握。否定词not要放在物主代词之后，动名词之前。 3. 作宾语

（1）介词后用动名词作宾语 【例句1】

She’s fond of collecting stamps.

The great scientist devoted all his life to doing the scientific research. 【例句2】

I suggested asking his brother for some money.

My brother enjoys playing the piano while I am fond of reading books.

注意：以下及物动词及短语的宾语如果是动词就必须要用动名词形式 建议冒险去献身：advise, suggest, risk, devote oneself to 忍受期待不停顿：bear/stand(忍受), look forward to stop 放弃延期悔失去：give up, delay, put off, regret, miss 坚持欣赏（想）要（实）践（完）成：keep (on)/insist on/stick to, enjoy/appreciate, feel like, practice, finish

注意原谅避反对：pay attention to, excuse, escape, avoid, object to 考虑要求不自禁：consider, require, cannot help

允许习惯不介意：forbid; permit, be/get used to/be accustomed to, mind 值得开始想动名：be worth, set about, imagine 【例句】

The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.

All of them insisted on my staying with them a few days longer. 他们所有的人都坚持要我再跟他们多待几天时间。

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. 状元典例1

（上海卷）Bill suggested _____ a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.

A. having held B. to hold C. holding D. hold

答案：C

思路分析：句意为：比尔建议开会就假期为上海世博会做些什么进行讨论。suggest后接动名词, 排除B、D；根据句意, 会议还未开, 因此排除A，答案C。 状元典例2

（北京卷）It is worth considering what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and better ones of your own. A. introduces B. to introduce C. introducing D. introduced 答案：C

思路分析：句意为：值得考虑一下是什么使得“方便”食品这么受人欢迎, 并且介绍一下你自己比较喜欢的那些 “食品” 。and连接consider与introduce, 故introduce也要用v.-ing形式作为worth的宾语来使用。 4. 作定语