book1unit 4 grammar

Book1 Unit 4 Earthquake Period 5 Learning about Language&Using Language Class ___________ Name ____________ Group_____________ Learning goals: 1. Using language中的知识点及文章的背诵 2.了解定语从句的基本形式 Key points&difficult points：Attributive clause Learning method：self-study and group work Leading—in (≦3mins): Find the sentences with attributive clauses from the reading passage and read them aloud. 1.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night. 2.It was felt in Beijing,which is more than two hundred kilometers away. 3.A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses,roads and canals. 4.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 5.Then,later that afternoon,another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan. 6.The army organised teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 7.Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Thinking (13mins): 1.Read the following three important words and their usage. 2. Have a general knowledge of attributive clause. (一) 1.It was a frightening night. frighten vt. 使惊吓；吓唬 e.g. Sorry, I didn't mean to frighten you .对不起，没想到吓到你了。 【知识拓展】： frightened adj.受惊的；受恐吓的 frightening adj.令人恐惧的（常用来修饰物） 类似用法的单词还有: interested ; interesting / surprised ; surprising/ amazed ; amazing / amused ; amusing / satisfied; satisfying/ shocked ; shocking等 【Have a try】： ①.The stranger said something in a ______voice and the little girl was _____ to death.. ②The huge bird __________the little cat on purpose, whose ___________threat made the cat ___________. 2.damage . n. vt. 损失；损害 Eating too much meat one time will do /cause damage to your stomach. 一次吃太多的肉会对你的胃造成损害。

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The crops were badly damaged by the storm.庄家受到风暴的严重损害。 Smoking can damage your health. 吸烟会损害你的健康。 3. of no use =useless be+of+抽象名词，其意思等于与名词相对应的形容词，是一种很正式的表达方式。这些抽象名词是通常是success,importance,help,value,interest,health等等。 ①What he said is of great importance to us all =What he said is very important to us all. ②Going to library is of much help to your study =Going to library is very helpful to your study. ③You are sure of success=You are surely successful. （二）定语从句----关系代词的用法 一 定语从句的概念 1.在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 2.引导定语从句的词有两种:关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose,as等, 关系副词有where ,why, when等。 3.关系代词和关系副词处在先行词和定语从句之间,有三个作用： ①连接主从句(引导定语从句) ②指代先行词 ③在定语从句中做句子成分。 4.定语从句一般位于先行词后面。 二 关系代词的用法 1. who的用法 who引导定语从句时，在从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）先行词是人。 ① This is the man who helped me out of trouble. 他就是那个帮我解决困难的人。 ② I don?t know the woman (who) you spoke to just now. 我不认识那个刚才你与她交谈的妇女。 2. whom的用法 whom引导定语从句时，在从句中做宾语，（可省）先行词是人。 ① The doctor whom/who you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那个医生在房间里。 ② She?s a girl with whom you can talk freely. 她是一个你可以与之轻松交流的姑娘。 [注意] ① whom 引导定语从句时不能用作从句的主语。 ② whom 可以构成“介词+whom”引导定语从句 3.whose 用法 whose引导定语从句时，在从句中做定语，意思为：“……的”，表示所属关系，其先行词可以是人，也可以是物。 ① He?s living in a room whose window faces the east. 2

他住在一个窗户朝东的房间里。 ② The boy whose spoken English is excellent draws our attention. 那个英语口语极好的男孩引起了我们的注意。 [知识拓展] “whose+n”引导的定语从句相当于“the +n+of+which/whom”或“of which/whom+the+n.”引导的定语从句 ①.Please pass me the book whose cover is yellow and black. =please pass me the book the cover of which is yellow and black. 请把那本封面是黑黄相间的书递给我。 ②.We saw some people whose car had broken down. = We saw some people the car of whom had broken down. 4 that 与which的用法 that和which 在它们引导的定语从句中做主语或宾语，（做宾语时可省）that的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物，which的先行词是物。 ① They finally reached a storehouse that/which used to be a church. 他们最后到了一个曾经是一个教堂的仓库那里。 ② I have been keeping the presents that/which he sent me. 我一直保存着他送给我的礼物 [注意]在下列情况which和that 不能换用 1只用that不用which的情况： 1).先行词是人时 We all like the new teacher that teaches us English. 我们都喜欢教我们英语的那位新老师 2)先行词是不定代词all,few,little,much,many,some,something,nothing,anything,everything等时。 ① All that we have to do is to practise every day. 我们所必须做的是就是每天练习。 ② I ?ll do everything that I can(do) to help you. 我将尽一切努力来帮助你 3).当先行词被every,all, few, little, the only, any, no, the very,the right等修饰时。 ① Every means that had been tried proved to be useless. 尝试过的每一种方法都被证明是无用的 ② I?ve read all the books that you gave me. 我已经读了你给我的所有的书。 ③ He is the very man that I am looking for. 4).当先行词被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时 ① The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten. 我将永远不会忘记我的第一堂课。 ② It?s the most interesting book that I ?ve ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最有趣的书 5).当先行词既有人又有物时。 They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school. 他们谈起了他们所记得的学校里面的人和事。 6).当the way做先行词且引导词在从句中做状语时,引导词用that或in which,也可省略。 I hate the way (that)/ (in which) he talks to his wife.

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我讨厌他和他妻子说话的方式。 7).一些以which/who开头的特殊疑问句,为了避免重复，用that引导。 ① Which is the book that you want? ② Who is the child that lost his key? 8).关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(只限于限定性定语从句) He is not the person that he was 30 years ago. [注意] that和who的先行词都是人，但有时只用who ① He who doesn?t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 ② A sports fan is someone who loves to play or watch sports. ③ Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. ④ God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助。 [注意]定语从句中谓语动词的单复数 ① Do you know the boy who________(be) standing under the tree? ② Do you know the boys who________(be) standing under the tree? 总结：如果关系代词在定语从句中作__________,谓语动词要与____________保持一致. ① She is one of the students who_________(have) been to Beijing. ② She is the only one of the students who_________(have) been to Beijing. Discussing(9mins) Presenting (8mins) I. 把下列句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句 1. I don?t know the teacher. The teacher is singing an English song 2. Have you been to France ? France is famous for wine and perfume. 3.What do you think of the lecture? The lecture was held last Wednesday. 4.A typewriter is a machine. The machine can help people type . 5. Is this the woman scientist? You want to see her. 6. The book is very useful. The book?s cover is designed by Mr. Zhu. 7.The news was not true. She told me the news the day before yesterday. II.改错. 1. This is the longest train which I have ever seen._____________________ 2. I shall never forget those years when I spent on the farm._______________ 3. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.________________ 4. Children eat a lot of sugar often get bad teeth._______________ 5. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting._____________ 6. The expert visited our school is from Shanghai._________________ Explaining (9mins) Checking (3mins) Finish the exercises on page 29. 上面的习题 我做的情况 Good ( ) 4 So so ( ) Bad ( )

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