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Remove entirely and completely remove Will last will and testament Void totally null and void Without hindrance without let or hindrance
为表述“当事人各方因已接受对价而同意”,下例中用了四行文字:
Now, therefore, in consideration of the premises, and the representations, warranties, covenants and undertakings of the parties hereinafter set forth, and for other good and valuable considerations, the parties agree among themselves as follows…
此处 “good consideration” means “consideration that is valid under the law” Premises (合同用语)上述各点,上列各项财产;(契约等文证的)说明部分;(作为文证述及主体的)财产,房地产。
VI. conservative 保守
法律语言的保守性产生于公式化的语言,即在语言中使用某些公式。Mellinkoff曾对最早的英国法进行探索,他认为口头传统是造成对宗教仪式般系统阐述依赖的主要因素。如盎格鲁-撒克逊的誓言必须依赖其形式的重复才能收到其他任何词语不会产生的效果。在文盲充斥的社会里只有逐字重复才能确保重要的观点得以继续存在。若词句以一种愉悦听觉的形式出现,保留和重复就会变得容易。语言被赋予韵律之后就会变得容易传播。盎格鲁-撒克逊的法律采用了当时头韵和节律的形式才使古英语保留在一般的誓言之中。如下列澳洲一法庭提供的的宣誓词范本: 适合刑事程序:
I, ?, do solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare that the evidence which I shall give to the court and jury sworn between our Sovereign Lady the Queen and the prisoner at the bar shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth..
When you are taken an affirmation as a witness in a civil trial, you will be asked to say:
I, ?, do solemnly, sincerely and truly affirm and declare that the evidence which I shall give to the court touching the matter in question between the two parties shall be the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
此外,法律语言的保守性还表现在对先例(precedent)的援用上。
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