BFT写作资料 - 图文

一 遣词造句

1. 1词的层次

从写作风格来讲，英文单词至少包含两个层次：正式的和非正式的。 正式的词汇常出现在理论著作，文献档案，正式的演讲当中。

非正式的词汇又涉及到“普通用语”和“口头用语（俚语，方言等）”，其中后者在BFT写作考试中极少出现。 EXAMPLE 1—词的层次 The cost may be upwards of a figure rather below $10 million. The cost may be nearly $10 million. It may cost about $10 million. Will you be good enough to advise him whether he should accept the invitation? Please tell him whether he should accept the invitation. Let him know whether he accepts the invitation or not. We request the honor of your presence. We expect that you will be present. We hope you come.

EXAMPLE 2—1 –正式用语 National security adviser Condoleezza Rice testifies before the 9.11 commission Thursday morning to rebut charges that Bush administration failed to recognize the emerging threat of terrorism and later flubbed its response. (CNN, April 8)

EXAMPLE 2—2 --普通用语 Future leaders need to be full of knowledge, energy, patience, and love for getting involved as well as enjoying helping others get involved.

EXAMPLE 3—1 –正式用语 Dear Dr. James Wallace: I am a new student from China and this is my first week at Central Illinois University. While I am excited about beginning my academic studies here, and while the one-day orientation was very helpful, I am still feeling lost and need a lot of help. I have experienced difficulties in getting to places, buying textbooks, and finding my classrooms because the campus is too big. I believe that many other students must have experienced the same difficulties. …

EXAMPLE 3—2 –普通用语 Dear Qing: Guess how I’ve spent my first week here? Like a headless fly, drifting along aimlessly. I’m already homesick. Ah, how I miss the spicy beef soup you used to cook! Still remember the time we spent together climbing to the top of the Fragrant Hill? Now I understand what you mean by ―East, west, home is the best.‖ I really miss you and our son. Here I don’t know how to do the simplest things in the world, like buying textbooks, finding my classrooms. …

EXAMPLE 3—3—口头用语 I’ll attend to that myself in th’ morning’. I’ll like keer o’im. He ain’t from this country nohow. I’ll go down there in th’ morning’ and see im. Lettin’ you leave your books and gallivant all over th’ hills. What kind of a school is it nohow! Didn’t do that, my son, when I’s a little shaver in school.

辨别正式句子的特定标志 1. Participial phrases（分词短语）: Badly defeated in the match, the team returned in low spirits. 2. Nominative absolute construction（名词性独立结构）: Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China. 3. Adjectival/adverbial phrases placed before the subject（主语前面的形容词性/副词性短语）: A famous professor of biology, Dr. Jones was the new president of the company. 4. Parenthetical remarks（插入式说明）: All the people present—Chairman Smith, Professor Brown, James and the secretary supported the motion. 5. A series of nouns, verbs, or adjectives（名词，动词或形容词的并列连用）: She has experienced low and hate, grief and happiness. 练习

I 要求大家仔细对比以下各组词汇，并用他们造句，辨别它们的正式性与非正式性。找出更多的例子。

Abandon—Quit Eccentric—Strange Terminate—End Identical—Same Cease—Stop Manipulate—Control Mission—Job Remote—Far Review—Go over Die—Pass away Construct—Set up Support—Back up Investigate—Look into Shuttle—Shoot up Orbit—Move around Cancel—Call off … … … …

以下是我们提供给大家的更多例子(大家可以从有英文解释的字典上再找一些)： abandon---give up

abdicate---give up, resign abridge--- shorten accompany--- go with accomplish--- carry out accurate--- correct

acknowledge--- admit, express thanks for acquire--- gain adjacent --- next to alternation --- change anticipate--- expect approximately--- about assistance---- help attractive--- pleasing authentic--- real available --- ready

II 按照第一和第六题的例子，用自己的话改写句子，并与原句作比较。

1. The contestants focused less on content than on language (Formal words: contestants, content, language, focus on, less than).

—The speakers pay more attention to how their speeches were made than to what their speeches are about. (后者没有前者正式) 2. Shyness may mean greater disease risk (shyness, mean, disease, risk). 3. Earth-bound law is complicated enough; imagine what it’s like when we venture farther our (earth-bound, complicated, imagine, venture). 4. American youth, once famed for well-nourished, are shrinking (youth, famed for, well-nourished, shrinking). 5. Today, being cool is more multi-faceted, involving everything from spikes on one’s shoes to the things on one’s mobile phone screen (multi-faceted, involving). 6. Please let us know if there is one double and two single rooms in your hotel from Monday 1 May through Friday 5 May.

—Please indicate if you have one double and two single rooms available from Monday 1 May to Friday 5 May inclusive. (后者包含一些更为正式的单词: indicate, available, inclusive) 7. Sorry, we don’t have rooms viewing the sea as you need. 8. We’ll take part in display at CHINA INDUSTRIAL FAIR and need to book rooms in your hotel for my company members. 9. Last time I enjoyed my stay in Lidu Hotel very much, and I like to have the rooms facing quiet lake in the near park. 10. Whatever job you are doing, do things according to unwritten rules in an office.

III 根据以下段落的文体选择适当的词。 Paragraph 1: On the formal occasion (occasion/conditions) you should _________(address / call) the chairman or host first, followed by the names or titles of any VIPs or dignitaries in ________ (falling / descending) order. For example, ―Madam Chairman, Vice-governor Liu, President Li, Vice-President Chen, ladies and gentlemen.‖

Paragraph 2: While thanking a speaker, on behalf of the _________(listeners/audience) for his or her speech, you may ________ (start with/say): ―I am delighted to __________ (thank/been _______ (privileged / glad) to hear.‖

Paragraph 3: When you are to introduce the speaker to the audience, speak for 2 to 4 minutes, and make sure that you have the correct name and information. ―________ (It is my great pleasure/I’m glad) to welcome Mr. Pan to our university. Mr. Pan comes from Hope University. He is a __________ (renowned authority / well-known scholar) on Business. We are very ________ (privileged/lucky) that he has been able to ________ (get/spare) the time to come to speak to us today and we are ______ (hoping/looking forward) to hearing what he has to say. Please give Mr. Pan a very warm welcome.‖

Paragraph 4: As the world grows smaller with new developments in communication and information technology, leadership education must be ______ (emphasized/paid more attention to) and ______ (taught/addressed) from a _________ (cross-cultural/nation-to-nation) and global _______ (point of view/perspective).

Paragraph 5: As an IRS worker explained to me, ―Almost everyone who comes in here is ________ (angry/hostile). Instead of ______ (taking offense/making them unhappy), we’ve posted bulletin boards with comic strips that _________ (poke fun/make a joke) at the IRS, which we jokingly call the Income Removal Service. When taxpayers see these, their attitudes _________ (become better / change for the better).