2017浦东新区高三一模英语（含答案）

__39__ of traffic and traffic accidents -- may be outweighed by the drawbacks of an always play-it-safe vehicle that slows traffic for everybody.

“From the point of view of a passenger in an automated car, it would be like driving down a street filled with __40__ five-year-old children,” Millard-Ball writes.

Alternatively, planners could seize the opportunity to create more pedestrian-oriented streets. Autonomous vehicles could start a new era of pedestrian domination.

III. Reading Comprehension (45%) Section A

Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

Everybody loves to hate invasive species. The international list of invasive species—defined as those that were introduced by humans to new places, and then __41__ — runs to over 4,000. In Australia and New Zealand hot war is fought against introduced creatures like cane toads (蔗蟾蜍) and rats.

Some things that are uncontroversial (无争议的) are nonetheless foolish. With a few important exceptions, campaigns to __42__ invasive species are merely a waste of money and effort — for reasons that are partly practical and partly philosophical.

Start with the practical arguments. Most invasive species are neither terribly successful nor very__43__. Britons think themselves surrounded by foreign plants. __44__, Britain’s invasive plants are not widespread, not spreading especially quickly, and often less of a(n) __45__ than vigorous native plants. The arrival of new species almost always __46__ biological diversity (多样性) in a region; in many cases, a flood of newcomers drives no native species to extinction. One reason is that invaders tend to colonise __47__ habitats like polluted lakes and post-industrial wasteland, where little else lives. They are nature’s opportunists.

The philosophical reason for starting war on the invaders is also __48__. Elimination campaigns tend to be __49__ by the belief that it is possible to restore balance to nature — to return woods and lakes to the state before human __50__. That is misguided. Nature is an everlasting mess, with species constantly emerging, withdrawing and hybridizing (杂交). Humans have only quickened these processes. Going back to ancient habitats is becoming __51__ in any

case, because of man-made climate change. Taking on the invaders is a(n) __52__ gesture, not a means to an achievable end.

A reasonable attitude to invaders need not imply passivity. A few foreign species are truly __53__ and should be fought: the Nile perch – a fish, has helped drive many species of fish to extinction in Lake Victoria. It makes sense to __54__ pathogens (病菌), especially those that destroy whole native tree species, and to stop known agricultural pests from gaining a foothold. Fencing off wildlife reserves to create open-air ecological museums is fine, too. And it is a good idea for European gardeners to destroy Japanese plants, just as they give no apace to native harmful grasses like bindweed and ground elder. You can garden in a garden. You cannot garden __55__. That is universally accepted.

41. A. multiplied B. shrunk 42. A. conserve 43. A. healthy

C. disappeared C. investigate C. harmful

D. harvested D. prioritize

B. eliminate

B. intentional

B. For example B. dominance B. destroys

D. profitable

D. In fact D. substitute

44. A. As a result 45. A. attraction 46. A. increases 47. A. oppressed

C. By contrast C. annoyance C. reveals C. cultivated

D. targets

D. preserved

B. disturbed

48. A. acceptable B. needless 49. A. fuel(l)ed

C. mistaken D. convincing

D. greeted D. maintenance

B. organized C. interrupted

50. A. civilization 51. A. tolerable 52. A. reluctant 53. A. damaging 54. A. pick up

B. interference C. interaction B. impossible B. disorderly B. flexible B. take in

C. beneficial C. invalid

D. critical D. unbalanced

D. outstanding D. turn down D. nature

C. doubtful C. keep out

55. A. agriculture Section B

B. vegetation C. atmosphere

Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.

(A)

Jeremy Baras remembers the first time he ever saw a pop-up a restaurant. The 26-year-old entrepreneur （企业家）was on vacation in England four years ago and had to look up at the London Eye Ferries wheel to see it. Hanging above him was a capsule full of diners who were served a new course each time a revolution was made. “I thought that was the coolest thing ever”, he says. Baras, who founded PopUpRepublic.com in 2012 to promote the idea of pop-up restaurants in USA, has been studying them ever since.

Pop-ups, which have been around since at least the early 2000s, are open anywhere from a few hours to several months, but their defining feature is that they are temporary. They may be only a tiny part of the $709 billion U.S. restaurant industry, but popups have gotten a boost in recent years as a lower-cost, lower- risk way for entrepreneurs to test the waters. Some restaurant owners see them as a way to renew interest in existing locations. And some struggling cities, like Oakland, Calif., have turned to them to help revitalize local economies impacted by the recession（衰退）.

The concept has been especially popular with up-and-coming chefs who want to test-drive as a menu concept without investing a fortune in a permanent space. “Your cooks and chefs are really talented, but they’re stuck in the back of somebody else’s kitchen cooking somebody else’s menu,” says Zach Kupperman, chief businessman officer and co-founder of Dinner Lab.

Chefs in Dinner Lab cook in the middle of space, give a brief introduction about the menu and themselves — and then bravely listen to diner feedback afterward. Pop-ups’ temporary nature also allows restaurateurs to charge a deposit to make sure the diners will show up.

Of course, trends in the food industry come and go quickly, and there is no guarantee that diners won’t tire of the concept. Some entrepreneurs have resorted to even a weirder locations — in a former limestone mine, say, or at the top of a crane — to keep customers interested. Says Baras, “It's not quite part of the mainstream economy yet.”

56. What does the underlined part “a revolution was made” in Paragraph One possibly mean?

A. Chefs designed creative dishes. B. Diners tasted food in an innovative way. C. The capsule containing diners made a circle. D. Great changes were made in the food industry. 57. Which of the following might NOT be the reasons for pop-up restaurants’ fast development?

A. Being temporary features pop-up restaurants.

B. Pop-up restaurant can restore local economy to prosperity.

C. Business owners venture into the business with fewer risks and investments.

D. Restaurant owners can make diners interested in the original restaurants again. 58. Perspective chefs are drawn to pop-ups due to the fact that__________________.

A. pop-ups are becoming increasingly popular with diners worldwide

B. they have the desire to explore a safer way to make a living

C. their investment in pop-ups will bring them a fortune on a permanent basis

D. pop-ups provide a flexible test field for talented chefs’ originality 59. The writer’s propose of writing the passenger is to___________________.

A. appeal to people to dine out in pop-up restaurants B. give a brief introduction of pop-up restaurants

C. warn business owners of the appearance of pop-up restaurants D. foresee the future of pop-up restaurants’ development

(B)

In four countries with fast-developing economies (BRIC) – Brazil, Russia, India, and China – the agricultural sector has become a proving ground for innovation. Juergen Voegele, a World Bank agriculture expert, predicts that “by transforming agriculture, we will not only meet the challenge of feeding nine billion people by 2050 but do so in ways that create wealth and reduce its environmental footprint.”

BRAZIL

Soybeans on the Rise

Preserving the Amazon rain forest is a top priority for Brazil.

The rapid expansion of soybean and cattle farming there during the 1990s and early 2000s led to alarming rates of deforestation. Over the past ten years, however, with government support, activists and famers have protected more than 33,000 square miles of rain forest – an area equal to more than 14 million soccer fields. Saving these forests has kept 3.5 billion tons of carbon dioxide out of atmosphere.

Yet even under these land restrictions, Brazil’s soybean production has increased. The country is now the world’s second largest producer of the crop. How did this happen?

Farmers focused on efficiency. Using new machinery and early maturing seeds enabled them to squeeze an additional planting into the standard growing season. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Brazil’s 2014-15 soybean crop has hit a record 104.2 million tons, up 8.6 million tons from the year before, as farmers have made better use of their fields. This