高考英语语法讲义

高考英语语法讲义

序言该如何学好语法？

一、高考语法怎么考？ 二、所谓语法，究竟为何？ 三、高考语法怎么学？ 四、高考语法考什么？

1、时态——一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时、过去完成进行时、将来完成时 +非谓语动词/主谓一致

2、从句——定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句

3、情态——can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, ought to, will, would, used to, be to, be supposed to, had better, need, dare 4、语态——被动语态 5、介词 6、词与句

词：名词、冠词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、连词和感叹词、动词 句：It句、There be句型、倒装句、强调句、省略句、

第一讲句子

一、句子成分

1、主语

Honesty is the best policy. Running is good for health.

2、谓语——表示主语的行为、动作或者所处的状态。 The plane takes off at 8. 3、宾语

? 直接宾语与间接宾语

Show me your tickets, please. I love you.

We should help the poor.

I would advise waiting until tomorrow.

4、表语——与前面的系动词一起构成复合谓语，用来说明主语的特征、类型、状态、身份。 Angela was the first to leave. Wasting time is killing yourself.

5、同位语——对于句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明，与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分。

We have two foreign teachers, a Canadian and an America. Jessica, a famous doctor in China, can’t solve the problem. The news that we’re having a holiday tomorrow is true.

e.g.The most widely accepted theory about the beginning of drama is based on the concept ______ drama evolved from ritual（宗教典礼）. 6、定语——用来描述名词或代词的修饰语。 Open your mouth. It’s a wonderful night. This is a stone table.

My sister who works in Shanghai sends me an email every day. ? 后置定语

I have got somethinginteresting to tell you. The books on the top shelf were just bought.

7、状语——修饰动词、形容词、副词、其他状语或主句。可以表示时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、目的、结果、条件和让步。 Tom speaks English very fast. Arriving here, call me up.

The meeting is going to held in Room 321. The telephone rang while I was taking a bath.

e.g.Please make sure you always put your medicines ______ children can’t reach them. 8、补足语——

We find him funny.

二、六种基本句型

1、S+V God died. 2、S+V+O I love you.

3、S+V+P I am a good boy.

4、S+V+Oi+Od You give love a bad name. 5、S+V+O+C 6、There be 结构

第二讲名词性从句 第一节主语从句 That I love you worries you.

一、主语从句的连接词

1、从属连词：that, whether, if

2、连接代词——表疑问:who, whoever, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever

e.g. _____ caused fire is being investigated now.

3、连接副词——when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however Where the school is going to set up the library is now under discussion.

二、That 引导的主语从句

1、that置于句首的主语从句

e.g. _______ he will come to the conference has excited every one of us. 2、形式主语it 替代主语从句 （1）It is+形容词+that 从句。

necessaryrightlikelyunlikelywrongimportantcertainclearobviousstrangenatural e.g. It is likely ______ there will be a snowstorm tomorrow.

It is quite obvious _____ human activities have greatly contributed to species endangerment. （2）It is +名词+that 从句

a pitya shamegood newsa factan honoura wonderno wonder e.g.

It’s a pity _____ you didn’t attend the lecture yesterday. It’s no wonder _____ you’ve achieved so much success.

It is my own opinion______ zoos, although not perfect, do have a useful function. （3）It+ be+动词-ed+ that 从句

said told heard reported decided suggested advised ordered remembered thought considered well known hoped announced e.g.

It is often said _____ the joy of traveling is not in arriving at your destination but in the journey itself.

It is argued by some writers_____ the transition to the father’s role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother’s role. （4）It+ 特殊动词+ that 从句

seem appear happen matter find out turn out work out

e.g.Our club is open to adults only. It seems _____ your children have entered without permission.

It seems _____ great artists and scientists often suffer from mental problems. 2、that 主语从句的疑问形式

It happened to me that I had been away when he called.

Did it happen to you that you had been away when he called.

三、if/ whether 引导的主语从句

whether 引导的从句可置于句首。

if 引导的从句不置于句首，只能放于句末。

Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.

四、wh-类连接词引导的主语从句

When the new road is open to traffic has not been made clear. What we should do next remains unknown. What the lecturer said is of great value.