M3U4 单词学案

Unit 4： Astronomy: the science of stars单词学案

一、查字典，写出下列词形变化或词义。

1.______________ n．宗教；宗教信仰→______________ adj.宗教的；虔诚的 2. _______________ pron./n./adj.十亿 →_________________百万→_______________千→______________百

3.________n．球体；地球仪；地球→_________adj. 全球的，全世界的→global warming全球变暖 4._______________adj.猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的→_______________ adv.强烈地；猛烈地；激烈地→_________________ n．暴力；暴力行为

5.______________ prep.不同;不像→_____________vt.喜欢prep.相像→_____________adj.可能的→be likely to do sth.可能做某事→ It is likely that ...有可能...

6.__________________n.出席，到场→present adj.________________ n._________________ →______________ adj.缺席的；不在场的→absence n.缺席；不在

7. _______________ adj.有害的→________________ n．& v．伤害→______________ adj.无害的 8. __________________ vi. & vt.乘；增加；繁殖→________________(过去式\\过去分词) 9._______________ vi.存在;生存→existence n．存在;生存→___________n./vi 出口

10._______________ n．谜；难题 vt. & vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难→_____________ adj.困惑的；迷惑的→________________ adj.使人困惑的；难解的 二、1. 用violent的正确形式填空。

Larry was in ________ pain. As a result, he behaved _________ and treated everything with _________. 2. 翻译句子，写出in time的含义。

He stopped his car just in time to avoid an accident. _______________________ You will succeed in time as long as you don’t give up. _____________________

【拓展】time习语： at one time ___________ at times____________ from time to time __________ at a time__________ on time ___________ kill the time_________ ahead of time _________ all the time _________in no time ________ take one’s time ________ at the same time _________ 3. 翻译句子，总结结构。

Too much sun is harmful to the skin. __________________ Too much sun does harm to the skin. __________________ Too much sun does the skin harm. __________________ Too much sun harms the skin. __________________ 4. 翻译含有exist的句子。

Does life exist on other planets? _______________________________________________________ They can’t exist on the money he’s earning. _____________________________________________ There still exist several questions to be solved. _____________________________________________ When did the world come into existence? __________________________________________________ 5.翻译句子，写出turn短语的含义：

Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice. ___________________ They take turns caring / to care about their parents. __________________ The girls called out their names in turn / by turns. _________________ When it is in my turn, I am too excited to speak. ___________________ It is my turn to erase the blackboard this week. ____________________ 6.请牢记下列动词的各种形式：

动词原形 lie lie lay 意义 说谎 躺; 卧; 位于 放置; 产卵 过去式 lied lay laid 过去分词 lied lain laid 现在分词 lying lying laying 【翻译语境串记】 The boy lying under the big tree lied to his little sister that he saw a cock lay an egg.

____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. 翻译句子，写出黑体词的含义。

The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzling over the puzzling math problem.__________ Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me. _______________

What puzzled me was that he left the country without telling anyone. _____________

8. “阻止某人干某事” prevent sb. (from) doing sth. //stop sb. (from) doing sth. //keep sb. from doing sth. The teacher's words prevented the students (from) making foolish mistakes． No one can prevent this plan (from) being carried out. 注：三个短语用于被动语态中，from都不能省略。 I was prevented from coming to your birthday party. 区别：He put on sunglasses to protect his eyes from / against the strong sunlight. __________________ 选词填空 不用变形 systems unlike thus theory harmful 1._______________ most people in the office, I come to work on foot. 2. Drinking alcohol (酒精) is known to be .

3. In this way they can better apply (运用) ____ to practice.

4. What are the difference between the American and British ______ of government? 5. He forgot to turn on the radio and ____________ missed the program. puzzled exist oxygen violent atmosphere 6. I have been ______________ about this question for weeks.

7. A ____________ storm hit the city last night, which caused a lot of damage.

8. Dinosaurs laid eggs too and _____________ on the earth for more than 140 million years. 9. We can’t live without water and _____________. 10. They had a talk in a friendly ________________.

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一、查字典，写出下列词形变化或词义。

选词填空 不用变形 biologist gently crash climate float 1．__________ n．生物学→_____________ n．生物学家

2．__________ n．物理学家→___________n．物理学→_________ adj.物理的；物理学的；身体的1. After the ______, an ambulance took the injured man to hospital.

2. She always speaks ____________ to the child. →____________ n. 医师；内科医师

3. The _____________ studied plants and became famous in his country.

3.______________adj.温和的；文雅的→_____________ adv.

4. Britain has a temperate(温和的) ________________.

4.__________ adj.灭绝的，绝种的→______________n.

5. There is not enough water to _________ the ship.

5.____________ n．气候→______________n.天气→_______________ conj.是否

weight physicist harm exhausted satellite 6．_________ n．& vt. 拉(力);拖;牵引力→___________ vt. 推动；增加；推行；逼迫 1.There is no ______________ in trying a new method. 7. lessen v.__________ →_____________n.课，教训 2.You are so fat that you have to lose ______________. 8. weightlessly adv.___________ →_______________ n.重量→___________v.称… 的重量，重达… 3.His dream is to become a __________________ because he loves physics so much. 9.___________ vt.用尽，耗尽，使筋疲力尽→____________adj. 疲惫的；耗尽的 4.He was _______________ after running 1000 metres in 3 minutes.

5.The moon is a __________________ of the earth. →______________adj. 使筋疲力尽的；使耗尽的

10.break→过去式_____________→过去分词____________

选短语 不用变形 二、1.翻译句子，写出crash的含义。

pull in watch out for… now that get the hang of… cheer up He crashed his car into a wall._________________

1. You should _________________________ snakes in the grass.

The plane crashed over the ocean. __________________ 2. Anyone is not permitted to ________________ at the traffic lights.

2.翻译句子，写出pull的意思。

3._________________! Things are not so bad as they seem.

n. 1) A pull on the rope will make the bell ring. _______________

4._________________ you are a college student, you should learn to be independent.

2) The tides depend on the pull of the moon. ______________ 5. He think he can ______________________ swimming skills. 3) He felt the pull of the university. _______________ broke out prevent … from… gave birth to… block out in time v. 1) In a tug-of –war（拔河）, the competitors pull as hard as they can. _____________ 1. A war ________________________ between the two countries when he was 29. 2) Fred pulled his sister’s hair and made her cry. __________ 2. She ____________________ a healthy baby last night.

3. You should ________________ them __________ entering the burning building. 3) She spent the afternoon pulling weeds in the garden. ______________

4. They caught the last bus __________________. 4) They pulled the boat to the shore. ______________ 【拓展】pull in 进站停靠 pull up停车 pull on匆忙穿上（衣服）pull through 恢复健康;渡过危机 5. Make sure the curtains you choose can ____________________ the strong sunshine.

watch out in your turn lay eggs at a time is harmful to 3.翻译句子：Now (that) you are well again, you can come back to work. Don’t all stand up together; one ___________________, please.

________________________________________________________________________________

___________________! There is a car coming.

4. 翻译句子，写出break短语的含义。

It is ____________________ to clean the floor.

A fire broke out near here yesterday. ____________________ Cock(公鸡) can’t ___________________________.

He broke into my house and stole my money. _______________

Smoking ____________________________ our health.

The computer system broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet._____ ahead of time stopped…from…. protect…from… in turn at no time If you go on working like that, you will break down sooner or later.____________ 1. __________________ will we give in to difficulties. The meeting broke up at eleven o'clock. _______________ 2. Theory is based on practice and ________________ serves practice.

3. The heavy snow has _____________ us ______________ going out for sports. She's just broken up with her boy-friend._______________ 4. He has completed his homework ______________________. Once you join them, you can never break away from them. ________________ 5. Wearing dark glasses can _______________ you _____________ the sun.

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地球上生命的起源

没有人确切知道地球是怎么样开始形成的，因为在很早很在以前地球就形成了。然而，一种普遍为人们所接受的理论是：宇宙起源于一次大爆炸，这次大爆炸将物质投射到四面八方。然后，原子开始形成并结合成恒星和其他天体。

大爆炸后好几十亿年过去了，但地球还只是一团尘埃。随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38-45 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个团体的球状物。地球开始变得激烈动荡，不知道这个固体形状是否会继续存下去。它猛烈地爆炸喷出了烈火与岩石，最终产生了碳，氮气，水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。更为重要的是，地球冷却了下来，地球的表面就开始出现了水。

在火星这些其他行星上都出现了水，但和地球不同的是，这些水后来都消失了。水对于生命的发展会起关键作用，这一点在当时并不明显。很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使得地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。这就产生了一系列的反应，使得生命就有可能开始发展了。

好几百万年后，水的表面开始出现了极小的植物。他们繁殖起来就使得早期的海洋充满了氧气，这为早期的贝类及其他各种鱼类的发育进一步创造了条件。接着，绿色植物开始出现在陆地上。随后，陆地上出现了动物，其中有一些是昆虫，另外一些叫两栖动物，他们既能在陆地上生活，也能在海里生存。后来，当植物长大成了森林的时候，爬行动物出现了。他们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的。再后来一些叫做恐龙的巨型动物出现了。他们也生蛋，在地球上生存了一亿四千多万年。然而，六千五百万年前，恐龙时代结束了。他们为什么会突然灭绝至今仍是个谜。恐龙的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的产生有了可能。这些动物不同于以往所有的生物形式，因为他们能从体内生产出幼崽并给幼崽哺乳。

最后，大约260万年前，一些小巧聪明，长着手脚的动物出现了，他们散布在地球的各个地方。于是，他们接着成为这个行星上最重要的动物。然而，他们对地球却不怎么在意，他们把过多的二氧化氮释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。地球可能因此变得太热而不适合生物生存。所以，在未来数百万年中，生命能否在地球上延续，取决于这个问题能否得到解决。

月球之旅

我的朋友李彦平是一位宇航员。上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。我们乘宇宙飞船参观了月球。

在启程以前,李彦平向我解释说,在我们的航行中会有三次引力的改变,而第一次的改变将是最强的。随后我们就启航了。随着火箭徐徐升空,我们慢慢逃离地球的引力。但这种引力太强了,把我们重重地向 后推在座位上,以至于我们彼此间都不能说话了。随后,这个力量匮慢减小,我才能够同他讲话。我问道: \为什么太空船不会向后朝地球的方向落下去呢?在地球上的时候,如果我从树上掉下来,总会朝地上落下去的。\李彦平解释说\现在我们离地球太远了,感觉不到地球的拉力,所以我们好像一点儿也感觉不到地球引力了。当我们更接近月球时,就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是,月球的引力不像地球的引力 那么大。\我立刻感到很高兴,由于失重我在太空舱里飘来飘去,我望着(身后的)地球越来越小,而(前 方的)月球越来越大。

我们到达月球时,我就想立即进行探测。\来吧,\我说,\要是你讲得对,我的重量就会比在地球上小,因为月亮比地球小,而我就能更自由地活动了。如果我在月球上呆的时间足够长的话,我甚至可能长得更高,我的体重肯定也会变得更轻! \我笑着从火箭的梯级上爬下来。而当我试着向前迈步的时候,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。\天哪,\我大声说,\重力改变了,看来走路也的确需要练一练了。\过了一会儿,我才掌握了走路的诀窍,这才开始感到自如了。

摆脱月球引力不像摆脱地球引力那样痛苦。但是返回到地球的经历却是非常吓人的。我们惊奇地看着,随着地球引力的增加,宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。当我们回到地面时,我们又感到被重重地推倒在座位上。我说道\真是精疲力竭了,但也很激动人心。关于引力,我现在就懂得更多了。你认为下次我们可以上星球上去参观吗? \当然可以,\他笑着说,\你想到哪颗星球上去呢? \

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