2.简单句第三讲

简单句 （二）

简单句包括四种：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 一、祈使句

例1（2004浙江卷）：

I’ve never seen anyone run so fast— ____ David go.

A. just watch B. just to watch C. just watching D. just having watched 例2（2006全国卷I）：

Mary, ____ here — everybody else, stay where you are. A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming 二、反意疑问句

①部分特殊简单句的反意疑问句 A. 陈述句部分是I am...时，疑问部分用aren't I如：I am an American girl， ? B. 陈述部分含有由否定前缀或后缀构成的词时，作肯定句处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如： Tom is an unknown man, ? C. 陈述部分含有never，nothing，hardly，little，few，no，seldom，nobody，none，too…to，no one等表示否定意义的词或结构时，疑问部分用肯定形式，如： He could hardly believe it, ? There was little water in he bottle, was there?

D. 陈述部分是there +be句型时，附加部分要用...there? 如： There is a cup of tea on the table， ，

E. 陈述部分为had better do something句式时，附加部分需要用had。如： She'd better stay in bed these days， ? F. 陈述部分的主语为动词不定式、动名词或从句时， Reading in bed is bad for your eyes, ? G. 陈述部分含有need或dare时，必须先区别它们是情态动词还是实义动词，然后再确定疑问部分的形式。例如：

You needn't go there now， She needs a radio， He dare not do it，

No one dared to go there，

H. 陈述部分主语为everybody，nobody，somebody，anybody，everyone等指代人的不定代词时，附加部分主语可以用he或者they。例如： Someone rang you up just now, didn't he(they)?

I. 当陈述部主语为everything，nothing，something，anything等不定代词时，附加部分主语要用“it”。例如：

Nothing is difficult, isn't it?

J. 当neither…nor…，either…or…，both?and…，not only…but also…等连词连接并列的两个主语时，

疑问部分的主语常用复数代词。例如：

Neither you nor l am wrong， Not only Tom but also Bob has gone there，

K. . must表示推测，作“一定、想必”之意解时，附加部分须根据must后的动词来确定，使用恰当的助动词。例如：

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He must be late for school,

They must have waited here for a long time， ②祈使句的附加疑问句

A. 陈述部分是肯定祈使句时，疑问部分用will you或won't you。例如： Close the door,

B. 陈述部分是否定祈使句时，疑问部分只能用will you。例如： Don't read so loudly,

C. 陈述部分以let’s开头，包括说话者和听话者都在内，疑问部分只能用shall we。例如： Let’s go swimming,

D. 陈述部分是以let us开头的祈使句时，疑问部分应用will you，此时不包括听话者在内，是表示征求意见的。例如：

Let us have lunch together, ③并列句的附加疑问句

并列句的附加疑问句应采取就近原则，与最后一个分句相一致。例如：

I help Lucy with her Chinese and she helps me with my English, It rained heavily yesterday, so I didn’t go out to play, ④主从复合句的附加疑问句

A. 陈述部分是复合句时，疑问部分须与主句保持一致。例如： He says his mother didn’t feel well,

You will visit the Great Wal1 if is fine tomorrow,

The children were sleeping when I knocked at the door,

B. 当陈述部分是I think，remember，believe，suppose，guess等主句后跟有that引导的宾语从句时

I believe he will pass the exam, I don’t remember he likes dancing, 例1（2006全国卷I）：

We forgot to bring our tickets, but please let us enter, ____? A. do you B . can we C. will you D. shall we 例2（2004上海卷）：

Bill’s aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette adverting on TV is illegal, ____? A. isn’t it B. is it C. isn’t he D. is he 三、 there be句型 注意：（3）third dimension 真实感

特点：there be 句型试题特点是，它往往和倒装结构等连用，把there be句型置于一种特殊的语境和语法条件下进行考查，而且命题时往往以it is，they are等作为干扰项。 例1

Nowhere else along the coast ____ such shallow water so far from land. A. is there B. is it C. there is D. it is

1．There be与情态动词连用

There be句型中的谓语动词be可与各种情态动词连用，表示\一定有\、\可能有\、\应该有\等含义。例如：

He felt that there must be something wrong．他感到一定是出了错儿。 There might be drinks if you wait a bit．如果你等一会儿，可能会有酒。

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There can't have been much traffic so late at night．这么晚了，街上的车辆不会太多。

There oughtn't to be too great discrepancy in our views．我们的看法不应该有太大的分歧。 2．There be与含有情态意义的动词或短语连用 半助动词：happen to（碰巧），appear ／seem to（似乎），be going to（将会），used to（曾经），have to（必须），be likely to（很可能），be bound to（必定）等。例如：

There happened to be an old friend of mine in the club．在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。 There appear to be several reasons for changing our plans．看来改变我们的计划有几个理由。 There used to be a cinema here before the war．战前这里曾有一个电影院。 Is there going to be a dancing party tonight？今晚有舞会吗？

There are bound to be obstacles for us to get over．一定会有障碍需要我们去克服。 3．There be的非谓语形式及用法

There be结构也可以以不定式（ ）、动名词（ ）和现在分词（ ）的形式出现在句子中，作主语、宾语或状语。这种非限定形式中的there在形式上起着逻辑主语的作用，因此，不定式there to be前有时需加介词for，从形式上满足引出不定式逻辑主语的需要，而分词 则具有独立主格结构的意味。作介词补足成分： 介词是for, 用there to be形式； 介词不是for，则用there being形式。 例如：

I don't want any more trouble．我不希望再有麻烦了。（不定式作宾语） I expect no argument about this．我希望对此没有什么争论。（不定式作宾语）

It was unusual for so few people in the street．大街上人这么少，这不大正常。（不定式作主语）

What's the chance of an election this year？今年举行大选的可能性有多大？（动名词作介词宾语）

___________________ a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage．离屋子这么近有一个汽车站，这太便利了。（动名词作主语）

_______________________nothing else to do，we went home．没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。（分词作状语）

_________________________ no further discussion, the chairman stood up and left the meeting-room.没有可讨论的了，主席站了起来，离开了会议室。

There having been no rain，the stream was dry. 一直没有下雨，小溪都干涸了。

There being a railway station in the town is a great advantage. 镇上有个火车站，真方便呀！ For there to be a mistake in a computer's arithmetic is impossible. 计算机计算错误是不可能的。

It was seldom for there to be no late comers. 新来者很少没有迟到的。

The committee anticipated there being less debate in the second discussion. 委员会期望在第二次讨论中争议能少一些。

We expect there to be no objections. 我们希望不会有人反对。 I'd prefer there to be more cooperation. 我希望有更多的合作。

What's the chance of there being an election this year?今年进行选举的可能性有多大？ We have no objection to there being a meeting here. 在这儿举行会议，我们不反对。 Jill is waiting for there to be a big party.吉尔等着举行一次盛大的晚会。 此外，there + being形式还可以用作状语分句，形成独立主格结构：

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“there be...”句型的难点在于它的非限定形式, 怎样分辨使用there to be 和there being 呢? 两个要点是关键：它们在句子中的成分及与句子中其他成分的搭配关系。

4．由there be构成的固定句型

由there be构成的一些固定句型在英语中很活跃，需很好地掌握。常见的有： There is no point in ＋v-ing：没道理，没用，没必要 There is no use（in）＋v-ing：毫无用处 There is no sense in ＋v-ing：毫无道理 There is no need to ＋v：没有必要 There is no ＋v-ing：不可能，无法。 例如：

There is no use in hiding that fact from him ．对他隐瞒那个事实没什么用。 There is no point in arguing further．再争下去也没用。 Is there any point in going on？有必要再继续下去吗？

There was no need for him to remain in Shanghai．他没有必要再留在上海。

There was no sense in making a child suffer like that．让一个孩子受那样的苦是毫无道理的。 There was no mistaking his intentions this time．这回不可能看错他的意图。

Once let this fellow start talking，there was no stopping him．一旦让这个家伙谈起来，就无法让他停下来了。

5．there与其它动词连用 这些动词有两类：一类是表示存在概念的状态动词，如： ；一类是表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如： 。例如：

There lies a river behind the house．屋后有一条河。 Then there came a knock at the door．然后听到敲门声。

At a later stage there arose new problem swhich seemed insoluble．在后期出现了似乎无法解决的新问题。

There followed an uncomfortable silence．接着是一阵令人难受的沉默。

Exercise：

1．There ________ a bed and a big wardrobe with a mirror． A．are B．were C．was D．be

2．No one would have dreamed of such a good place． A．there is B．there to be C．there being�鶧．there was

3．I should prefer ________ no discussion of my private affairs． A．there to be�鶥．there being C．there is�鶧．there are 4．It was too late ________ any buses． A．for there to be B．there to be C．there being�鶧．for there being

5．There ________ a war between his heart and his head． A．being B．appeared to be C．to be D．were

6． ________in his imagination visions of a world empire． A．Rising B．Rose C．Rise D．There rose

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