国际经济学英文版（第八版）章节练习第四章

International Economics, 8e (Krugman) Chapter 4 Resources, Comparative Advantage, and Income Distribution

1)

In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, an influx of workers from across the border would

A) move the point of production along the production possibility curve.

B) shift the production possibility curve outward, and increase the production of both goods. C) s hift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the labor-intensive

product.

D) shift the production possibility curve outward and decrease the production of the capital -intensive

product.

E) None of the above. Answer: D

2)

In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, the two countries differ in A) tastes.

B) military capabilities. C) s ize.

D) relative availabilities of factors of production.

E) labor productivities. Answer: D

3)

The Heckscher-Ohlin model differs from the Ricardian model of Comparative Advantage in that the former A) has only two countries.

B) has only two products. C) h as two factors of production.

D) has two production possibility frontiers (one for each country).

E) None of the above. Answer: C

4)

\- and labor-intensive.\Answer: In a two good, two factor model, such as the original Heckscher-Ohlin framework, the factor

intensities are relative intensities. Hence, the relevant statistic is either workers per acre (or acres per worker); or wage per rental unit (or rental per wage). In order to illustrate the logic of the statement above, let us assume that the production of a broom requires 4 workers and 1 acre. Also, let us assume that the production of one bushel of wheat requires 40 workers and 80 acres. In this case the acres per person required to produce a broom is one quarter, whereas to produce a bushel of wheat requires 2 acres per person. The wheat is therefore (relatively) land intensive, and the broom is (relatively) labor intensive.

5)

\Answer: The concept of relative (country) factor abundance is (like factor intensities) a relative concept. When

we identify a country as being capital intensive, we mean that it has more capital per worker than does the other country. If one country has more capital worker than another, it is an arithmetic impossibility that it also has more workers per unit capital.

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6)

Refer to above figure. Can you guess which group of producers in Country P might lobby against free trade? Answer:

In Country P, the owners of the relatively scarce factor of production are the owners of capital. Their relative and real incomes will decrease, and so they may well attempt to lobby for protectionism, which may prevent the country from moving to a free trade equilibrium.

An Economy can produce good 1 using labor and capital and good 2 using labor and land. The total supply of labor is 100 units. Given the supply of capital, the outputs of the two goods depends on labor input as follows:

7)

Refer to the table above. (a) Graph the production functions for good 1 and good 2 (b) Graph the production possibility frontier. Why is it curved? Answer: The production possibility frontier is curved because of the diminishing returns associated with the

expansion of output in the short run in each of the two industries.

8)

In the 2-factor, 2 good Heckscher-Ohlin model, a change from autarky (no trade) to trade will benefit the owners of

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A) capital.

B) the relatively abundant factor of production. C) t he relatively scarce factor of production. D) the relatively inelastic factor of production.

E) the factor of production with the largest elasticity of substitution. Answer: B

According to the Heckscher-Ohlin model, the source of comparative advantage is a country's A) technology.

B) advertising. C) h uman capital.

D) factor endowments.

E) Both A and B.

Answer: D 10) The Hechscher-Ohlin model states that a country will have a comparative advantage in the good or service

whose production is relatively intensive in the ________ with which the country is relatively abundant. A) tastes

B) technology C) f actor of production D) opportunity cost

E) scale economy Answer: C

9)

11) According to the Hecksher-Ohlin model,

A) everyone automatically gains from trade.

B) the scarce factor necessarily gains from trade. C) t he gainers could compensate the losers and still retain gains. D) a country gains if its exports have a high value added.

E) None of the above. Answer:C

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Assume that only two countries, A and B, exist.

12) Refer to the table above. If good S is capital intensive, then following the Heckscher-Ohlin Theory,

A) country A will export good S.

B) country B will export good S. C) b oth countries will export good S.

D) trade will not occur between these two countries.

E) Insufficient information is given. Answer: B

13) In international-trade equilibrium in the Heckscher-Ohlin model,

A) the capital rich country will charge less for the capital intensive good than the price paid by the capital

poor country for the capital-intensive good.

B) the capital rich country will charge the same price for the capital intensive good as that paid for it by

the capital poor country. C) t he capital rich country will charge more for the capital intensive good than the price paid by the capital

poor country for the capital-intensive good.

D) the workers in the capital rich country will earn more than those in the poor country.

E) the workers in the capital rich country will earn less than those in the poor country. Answer: B

14) The Heckscher-Ohlin model predicts all of the following except

A) which country will export which product.

B) which factor of production within each country will gain from trade. C) t he volume of trade.

D) that wages will tend to become equal in both trading countries.

E) None of the above. Answe:C

15) If Australia has relatively more land per worker, and Belgium has relatively more capital per worker, then if

trade were to open up between these two countries, A) the relative price of the capital -intensive product would rise in Australia.

B) the world price of the land-intensive product would be higher than it had been in Belgium. C) t he world price of the land intensive product would be higher than it had been in Australia. D) the relative price of the land intensive product would rise in Belgium.

E) None of the above. Answer: C

16) If Australia has more land per worker, and Belgium has more capital per worker, then if trade were to open

up between these two countries,

A) the real income of capital owners in Australia would rise.

B) the real income of labor in Australia would clearly rise. C) t he real income of labor in Belgium would clearly rise. D) the real income of landowners in Belgium would fall.

E) the real incomes of capital owners in both countries would rise. Answer: D

17) The reason trade clearly benefits a country is that

A) it raises the real income of the more productive elements in society.

B) it lowers the real income of the less productive elements in society. C) i t increases the levels of consumption of everyone.

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