高三英语被动语态专题复习

高三英语被动语态专题复习

英语有两种语态：主动语态(active voice) 和被动语态(passive voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是谓语动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的构成

被动语态是由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成，如果有必要强调动作的执行者，动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示。助动词be随主语的人称、单复数、时态的不同而变化。

二、常见时态的被动语态（以下讲解以动词do为代表） 1. 一般现在时 主动语态：do

被动语态：am/is/are done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。

The classroom _________________________ every day. 教室每天都由我们打扫。 Such songs _______ usually _______ by girls. 这些歌通常是女孩子们唱的。 Russian _______ not ________ in our school. 我们学校不教俄语。

2. 一般过去时 主动语态：did

被动语态：was/were done We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。

The classroom ____________________________________ yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。 The window ____________________________ by my son. 窗子是我儿子打破的。 ______________ many trees _____________ on the hill yesterday 昨天山上种了许多树吗？

3. 一般将来时 主动语态：will do

被动语态：will be done

We will clean the classroom soon. 我们很快要打扫教室。 The classroom ________________ soon. 教室很快要被打扫了。 The work _______________ immediately. 这工作将马上做。

4. 现在进行时 主动语态：am/is/are doing 被动语态：am/is/are being done We are cleaning the classroom now. 我们现在正在打扫教室。 The classroom _____________________ now. 教室现在正在被打扫。

A hospital ______________________ in the centre of the town. 镇中心正在兴建一家医院。

5. 过去进行时 主动语态：was/were doing 被动语态：was/were being done

We were cleaning the classroom this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们在打扫教室。 The classroom _________________ this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候教室正在被打扫。 The teaching plan _______________________ at that time. 那时正在讨论教学计划。

The house _____________ when we arrived at his home. 我们到他家时，他家房子正在粉刷。

6. 现在完成时

主动语态：has/have done 被动语态：has/have been done

The classroom looks tidy. We have cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫了。 The classroom looks tidy. It ______________________. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫了。 Many foreign films ______________________ on TV since last month. 上个月以来，电视中 播放了许多外国影片。

_____ a new training centre _____________ in our town 我们镇上新的培训中心建好了吗？

7. 过去完成时 主动语态：had done 被动语态：had been done

The classroom looked tidy. We had cleaned it. 教室看起来很整洁。我们已经打扫过了。 The classroom looked tidy. It __________________. 教室看起来很整洁。它已经被打扫过了。 His newly written novel _______________________ into English by the end of last month. 上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。

She told me that she __________________ by her boss. 她告诉我，她的老板已把她解雇了。 Her homework _________________ when I got home. 我到家的时候，她的作业还没有完成。 同学们要注意的地方： 1. “get+过去分词”结构

被动语态除常用“be +过去分词”构成外，还可用“get+过去分词”结构。这种结构多用在口语中，强调动作的结果。

The boy got ____________ when he was riding to school. 那孩子骑车上学时受伤了。 Did your letter get answered 你收到回信了吗？

2. 动词短语构成的被动语态

注意：在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。 Such a bad habit should be got rid ______. 这样的坏习惯应该改掉。

All the important matters should be paid attention ______. 所有重要的事情都得到了处理。

3. 被动语态和系表结构的区别

被动语态表示动作，而系表结构表状态； The cup was broken by a boy. (被动语态) The cup is broken. (系表结构)

4. 含有情态动词的被动语态

含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+ be done”构成。 can/could/may/might/must/will/would/should/ought to + be done The machine must ____________(operate) with care. 这机器必须小心操作。 Such a sentence ought not to __________(use) here. 这个句子不应该用在这里。 What's done cannot be undone. 覆水难收。

5. “be + 情感类动词” 结构表示的不是被动语态，而是表达“人觉得……” 常见的情感类动词有：

惊 讶：astonish; amaze; shock; surprise 恐 惧：terrify; scare; frighten 失 望：disappoint; discourage 鼓 励：encourage; inspire 高 兴：delight; please; excite 疲 劳： tire; exhaust 感 动：move; touch 迷 惑：confuse; puzzle 放 松： relax

其他：interest, satisfy, embarrass, bore, depress, worry, annoy 例如：

The story was so moving that everyone present was _____________(move) to tears. What disappointing result! We were all _______________(disappoint) with it.

Climbing a hill was tiring and we were _______________(tire) when we reached the summit.

6. 主动形式表被动意义

(1)系动词 look，sound，feel，smell，taste，appear，seem，go，prove，turn，stay，become，fall，get，grow，keep＋形容词/名词构成系表结构。 The steel __________(feel) cold.铁块摸起来很凉。

His plan __________(prove) to be practical.他的计划证明很实用。

(2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin，finish，start，open，close，stop，end，shut，run，move等。

Work _________(begin) at 7 o’clock this morning. 工作今早七点开始。 The shop _________(close) at 6 p.m. every day. 这家商店每天下午6点打烊。

(3)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read，write，sell，wash等。 The pen _________(write) well. Can I use it for a while?

The text _________(read) so well that you will enjoy reading it more times.

The cars made in Shanghai __________(sell) so well that you must order one months ahead. Silk clothes _________(wash) well. (It's easy to wash clothes made of silk

动词的被动语态构成一览表（以do为例） 常用被动语态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 过去将来时

动词形式 常用被动语态 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 动词形式 含有情态动词的 练习： 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。

1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge______________（build）in two months． 2.Where to have the meeting ______________ （discuss）now．

3.Which language _______the most widely_______（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_____________（not find）so far．

5.Last year a large number of trees______________（cut）down． 6. The students _____ often _____(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He ______ (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_________ (sell) in this shop. 9. The knives _______________(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine ___took_____ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _____________ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars can’t _____________ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _______________ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes __________ (sell) well. 15. How long _____ your uncle ______(be) in the city? 16. The food _____________ (smell) delicious. 17. Look! Someone __________(dance).

把下列主动语态的句子都改成被动语态：

1. People grow tea in South China. 2. The children will sing an English song. 3. You should do it now.

4. People use metal for making machines. 5. They are watching the football match. 6. They built a bridge here a year ago. 7. They have sold out the light green dresses. 8. We call the game “Lianliankan”.